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Advanced Medical Terminology
Lesson 14: Lymphatic and Immune Systems
55
Medical
Professional
08/14/2008

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Term
ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
Definition
Formation of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen
Term
ADENOIDS
Definition
Masses of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx
Term
ANTIBODY
Definition
Protein produced by B cell lymphocytes to destroy antigens
Term
ANTIGEN
Definition
Substance the body recognizes as foreign; evokes an immune response
Term
AXILLARY NODE
Definition
Any of the 20 to 30 lymph nodes in the armpit
Term
B CELL
Definition
Lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow and transforms into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies. The B cell refers to the bursa of Fabricius, an organ in birds in which B cell differentiation and growth were first noted to occur
Term
CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY
Definition
An immune response involving T lymphocytes; antigens are destroyed by direct action of cells, as opposed to by antibodies
Term
CERVICAL NODE
Definition
One of many lymph nodes in the neck region
Term
CYTOKINE
Definition
Protein (made by T lymphocytes) that aids antigen destruction. Examples are interferons, interleukins, and CSF such as granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF)
Term
CYTOTOXIC T CELL
Definition
T lymphocyte that directly kills foreign cells
Term
DENDRITIC CELL
Definition
Cell (specialized macrophage) that ingests antigens and presents them to T cells
Term
HELPER T CELL
Definition
Lymphocyte that aids B cells in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production; also called T4 cell or CD4+ cell
Term
HUMORAL IMMUNITY
Definition
Immune response in which B cells transform into plasma cells and secrete antibodies
Term
IMMUNE RESPONSE
Definition
Body's capacity to resist foreign organisms and toxins that can damage tissue and organs; humoral and cell-mediated immunity
Term
IMMUNOGLOBULINS
Definition
Antibodies (gamma globulins) such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in humoral activity.
Term
IMMUNOTHERAPY
Definition
Use of immunologic knowledge and techniques to treat or prevent disease. Examples are inoculation wiht vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapy
Term
INGUINAL NODE
Definition
One of several lymph nodes in the groin region
Term
INTERFERONS
Definition
Antiviral proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells; they also stimulate macrophages to ingest bacteria
Term
INTERLEUKINS
Definition
Proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B or T lymphocytes and activate specific components of the immune response
Term
INTERSTITAL FLUID
Definition
Fluid in the spaces between cells. This fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries
Term
KILLER T CELL
Definition
Cytotoxic T cell lymphocyte that recognizes and destroys foreign cells (viruses and tumor cells)
Term
LYMPH
Definition
Clear watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body
Term
LYMPH CAPILLARIES
Definition
Tiniest lymphatic vessels
Term
LYMPHOID ORGANS
Definition
Lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland
Term
LYMPH NODE
Definition
Stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels
Term
LYMPH VESSEL
Definition
Carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest
Term
MACROPHAGE
Definition
Large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body
Term
MEDIASTINAL NODE
Definition
Any of the many lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic cavity
Term
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY
Definition
Antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens. It is useful in immunotherapy and cancer treatment
Term
NATURAL IMMUNITY
Definition
An individual's own genetic ability to fight off disease
Term
PLASMA CELL
Definition
Lymphoid cell that secretes an antibody and originates from B lymphocytes
Term
RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT
Definition
Large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from the upper right part of the body
Term
SPLEEN
Definition
Organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells
Term
SUPPRESSOR T CELL
Definition
Lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T lymphocytes
Term
T CELL
Definition
Lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow but matures in the thymus gland; it acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens
Term
TOLERANCE
Definition
In the thymus, T lymphocytes learn to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as "self" or friendly
Term
THORACIC DUCT
Definition
Large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from below the diaphragm and from the left side of the body above the diaphragm; it empties the lymph into veins in the upper chest
Term
THYMUS GLAND
Definition
Organ in the mediastinum that produces T lymphocytes and aids in the immune response
Term
TONSILS
Definition
Masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx
Term
TOXIN
Definition
Poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants
Term
VACCINATION
Definition
Introduction of altered antigens (viruses or bacteria) to produce an immune response and protection against the disease
Term
VACCINE
Definition
Weakened or killed microorganisms or toxins administered to induce immunity to infection or disease
Term
IMMUN/O
Definition
Protection
Term
LYMPH/O
Definition
Lymph
Term
LYMPHADEN/O
Definition
Lymph node
Term
SPLEN/O
Definition
Spleen
Term
THYM/O
Definition
Thymus gland
Term
TOX/O
Definition
Poison
Term
ANA-
Definition
Again, anew
Term
INTER-
Definition
Between
Term

ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME

(AIDS)

Definition
Syndrome associated with suppression of the immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems. AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Term
ALLERGY
Definition
Abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen
Term
LYMPHOMA
Definition
Malignant tumor or the lymph nodes and lymph tissues
Term
MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Definition
Malignant tumor of bone marrow cells
Term
THYMOMA
Definition
Malignant tumor of the thymus gland
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