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Advanced Medical Terminology
Lesson 11: Cardiovascular System
106
Medical
Professional
07/04/2008

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Term
AORTA
Definition
Largest artery in the body
Term
ARTERIOLE
Definition
Small artery
Term
ARTERY
Definition
Largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body
Term

ATRIOVENTRICULAR BUNDLE

(BUNDLE OF HIS)

Definition
Specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them
Term

ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE

(AV NODE)

Definition
Specialized tissue in the wall between the atria. Electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) through the AV node and the atrioventricular bundle toward the ventricles
Term
ATRIUM (ATRIA)
Definition
One of two upper chambers of the heart
Term
CAPILLARY
Definition
Smallest blood vessel. Materials pass to and from the bloodstream through the thin capillary walls
Term
CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)
Definition
Gas (waste) released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation
Term
CORONARY ARTERIES
Definition
Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
Term
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD
Definition
Blood that is oxygen-poor
Term
DIASTOLE
Definition
Relaxation phase of the heartbeat
Term
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
Definition
Record of the electricity flowing through the heart. The electricity is represented by waves or deflections called P, QRS, or T
Term
ENDOCARDIUM
Definition
Inner lining of the heart
Term
ENDOTHELIUM
Definition
Innermost lining of the blood vessels
Term
MITRAL VALVE
Definition
Valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve
Term
MURMUR
Definition
Abnormal heart sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves
Term
MYOCARDIUM
Definition
Muscular middle layer of the heart
Term
NORMAL SINUS RHYTHM
Definition
Heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a resting rate of 60 to 100 bpm
Term
OXYGEN
Definition
Gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells
Term

PACEMAKER

(SINOATRIAL NODE)

(SA NODE)

Definition
Specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat. An artificial cardiac pacemaker is an electronic apparatus implanted in the chest to stimulate heart muscle that is weak and not functioning
Term
PERICARDIUM
Definition
Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart
Term
PULMONARY ARTERY
Definition
Artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs
Term
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Definition
Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
Term
PULMONARY VALVE
Definition
Valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
Term
PULMONARY VEIN
Definition
One of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
Term
PULSE
Definition
Beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries
Term

SEPTUM

(SEPTA)

Definition
Partition or wall diving a cavity; such as between the right and left atria and right and left ventricles
Term

SINOATRIAL NODE

(SA NODE)

Definition
Pacemaker of the heart
Term
SPHYGMOMANOMETER
Definition
Instrument to measure blood pressure
Term
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
Definition
Flow of the blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to the body tissues
Term
SYSTOLE
Definition
Contraction phase of the heartbeat
Term
TRICUSPID VALVE
Definition
Located between the right atrium and right ventricle; it has three leaflets, or cusps
Term
VALVE
Definition
Structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction
Term
VEIN
Definition
Thin-walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart. Veins contain valves to prevent backflow of blood
Term

VENA CAVA

(VENAE CAVAE)

Definition
Largest vein in the body. The superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of the heart
Term
VENTRICLE
Definition
One of two lower chambers of the heart
Term
VENULE
Definition
Small vein
Term
ANGI/O
Definition
Vessel
Term
AORT/O
Definition
Aorta
Term

ARTER/O

ARTERI/O

Definition
Artery
Term
ATHER/O
Definition
Yellowish plaque, fatty substance
Term
ATRI/O
Definition
Atrium, upper heart chamber
Term
BRACHI/O
Definition
Arm
Term
CARDI/O
Definition
Heart
Term
CHOLESTEROL/O
Definition
Cholesterol (a lipid substance)
Term
CORON/O
Definition
Heart
Term
CYAN/O
Definition
Blue
Term
MYX/O
Definition
Mucus
Term
OX/O
Definition
Oxygen
Term
PERICARDI/O
Definition
Pericardium
Term
PHLEB/O
Definition
Vein
Term
SPHYGM/O
Definition
Pulse
Term
STETH/O
Definition
Chest
Term
THROMB/O
Definition
Clot
Term

VALVUL/O

VALV/O

Definition
Valve
Term
VAS/O
Definition
Vessel
Term
VASCUL/O
Definition
Vessel
Term

VEN/O

VEN/I

Definition
Vein
Term
VENTRICUL/O
Definition
Ventricle, lower heart chamber
Term
ARRHYTHMIAS
Definition
Abnormal heart rhythms (dysrhythmias)
Term
BRADYCARDIA AND HEART BLOCK (ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK)
Definition
Type of arrhythmia where there is failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle.
Term
FLUTTER
Definition
Type of arrhythmia where there are rapid but regular contractions, generally of the atria.
Term
FIBRILLATION
Definition
Arrhythmia where there are rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the atria and ventricles (350+ bpm)
Term
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Definition
Abnormality in the heart at birth
Term
COARCTATION OF THE AORTA (CoA)
Definition
Congenital heart disease where there is narrowing (coarctation) of the aorta
Term
PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (PDA)
Definition
Congenital heart disease where a duct (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which normally closes soon after birth, remains open (patent)
Term
SEPTAL DEFECTS
Definition
Congenital heart disease consisting of small holes in the septa between the atria (atrial septal defects) or the ventricles (ventricular septal defects)
Term
TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
Definition

A congenital malformation of the heart involving four (tetra-) distinct defects. They are:

1.Pulmonary artery stenosis

2.Ventricular septal defect

3.Shift of the aorta to the right

4.Hypertrophy of the right ventricle

Term

CONGENITAL HEART FAILURE (CHF)

Definition
The heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood (more blood enters the heart from the veins than leaves through the arteries)
Term
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD)
Definition
Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart
Term
ENDOCARDITIS
Definition
Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart caused by bacteria (bacterial endocarditis).
Term
HYPERTENSIVE HEART DISEASE
Definition
High blood pressure affecting the heart
Term
MITRO VALVE PROLAPSE (MVP)
Definition
Improper closure of the mitro valve
Term
MURMUR
Definition
An extra heart sound, heard between normal beats
Term
PERICARDITIS
Definition
Inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart
Term
RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE
Definition
Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever
Term
ANEURYSM
Definition
Local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall
Term
DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS (DVT)
Definition
A blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually a lower limb
Term
HYPERTENSION (HTN)
Definition
High blood pressure
Term
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE (PVD)
Definition
Blockage of the blood vessels outside the heart
Term
RAYNAUD DISEASE
Definition
Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes
Term
VARICOSE VEINS
Definition
Abnormally swollen and twisted veins usually occurring in the legs
Term
ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES
Definition
Consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries: unstable angina and myocardial infarcation
Term
ANGINA (PECTORIS)
Definition
Chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia. Stable angina occurs predictably with exertion; unstable angina is chest pain that occurs more often and with less exertion
Term
ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE) INHIBITOR
Definition
Antihypertensive drug that blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and thus dilates blood vessels. It prevents heart attacks, CHF, stroke, and death.
Term
AUSCULTATION
Definition
Listening for sounds in blood vessels or other body structures, typically using a stethoscope.
Term
BETA-BLOCKERS
Definition
Drugs used to treat angina, hypertension, and arrhythmias. They block the action of epinephrine (adrenaline) at receptor sites on cells, slowing the heartbeat and reducing the workload on the heart.
Term
BIVENTRICULAR PACEMAKER
Definition
Device enabling ventricles to beat together (in synchrony) so that more blood is pumped out of the heart
Term
BRUIT
Definition
An abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard during auscultation of an artery or organ
Term
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
Definition
Drugs used to treat angina and hypertension. They dilate blood vessels by blocking the influx of calcium into muscle cells lining vessels
Term
CARDIAC ARREST
Definition
Sudden, unexpected stopping of heart action; sudden cardiac death
Term
CARDIAC TAMPONADE
Definition
Pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space
Term
CLAUDICATION
Definition
Pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after walking has begun, but absence of pain at rest
Term
DIGOXIN
Definition
A drug that treats arrhythmias and strengthens the heartbeat
Term

EMBOLUS

(EMBOLI)

Definition
A clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel
Term
INFARCATION
Definition
Area of dead tissue
Term
NITRATES
Definition
Drugs used in the treatment of angina. They dilate blood vessels, increasing blood flow and oxygen to myocardial tissue
Term
NITROGLYCERIN
Definition
A nitrate drug used in the treatment of angina
Term
OCCLUSION
Definition
Closure of a blood vessel
Term
PALPITATIONS
Definition
Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias, such as premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)
Term
PATENT
Definition
Open
Term
PERICARDIAL FRICTION RUB
Definition
Scraping or grating noise heard on ausclutation of the heart; suggestive of pericarditis
Term
PETECHIAE
Definition
Small, pinpoint hemorrhages
Term
STATINS
Definition
Drugs used to lower cholesterol in the bloodstream
Term
THRILL
Definition
Vibration felt on touching the body over an area of turmoil in blood flow (as a blocked artery)
Term
VEGETATIONS
Definition
Clumps of platelets, clotting proteins, microorganisms, and red blood cells on the endocardium in conditions such as bacterial endocarditis and rheumatic heart disease
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