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adult heath test 1 ch45
ch45
43
Medical
Professional
09/15/2008

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
kidneys
Definition
remove waste from the blood to make urine
Term
bladder
Definition
reservoir for urine until the urge to urinate develops
Term
ureters
Definition
transport urine from kidneys to bladder
Term
urethra
Definition
urine travels from the bladder and exits through the urethral meatus
Term
symphysis pubis
Definition
where the bladder sits in the body
Term
ESRD
Definition
end-stage renal disease, irreversible damage to the kidney tissue
Term
uremic syndrome
Definition
increase in the nitrogenous wastes in the blood
-can put a pt into a coma or cause conculsions
Term
renal replacement therapies
Definition
-dialysis
-organ transport
Term
urinary retention
Definition
an accumulation of urine due to the inability of the bladder to empty
-void small amounts, but may never completely empty the bladder
Term
urinary tract infections
Definition
result from catheterization or precedure;
bacteria infection, can cause bladder and kidney infection, women are more susceptible b/c urethra is shorter
Term
urinary incontinence
Definition
involuntary leakage of urine;
can be caused by weak muscle tone
Term
urinary diversions
Definition
diversion of urine to external source
Term
nocturia
Definition
urge to void at night
Term
polyuria
Definition
excessive output (corresponds with diabetes)
Term
olguria
Definition
decrease in urination; usually 400mL/24 hr
Term
aniuria
Definition
kidneys completely stop producing urine
Term
dialysis
Definition
washing the blood
-can cause anemia and vitamin D deficiency
Term
disuria
Definition
burning while urination
Term
cystitis
Definition
frequent sensation of the need to void
Term
nursing assessment with urination
Definition
nature of the problem
s and s
onset and duration
severity
predisposing factors
effect on client
Term
hesitancy
Definition
difficulty initiating urination
Term
dribbling
Definition
leakage of urine despite voluntary control of urination
Term
hematuria
Definition
blood in the urine
Term
residual urine
Definition
volume of urine remaining after voiding >100mL
Term
physical assessment: skin and mucosal membranes
Definition
assess hydration, skin turger, urinary incontinence increases the risk for skin breakdown
Term
physical assessment: kidneys
Definition
flank pain may occur with infection or inflammation
Term
physical assessment: urethral meatus
Definition
observe for discharge, inflammation, and lesions
Term
intake and output
Definition
avg output 30mL/hr or 240mL/8hr
Term
color
Definition
norm: pale-straw to amber color
-concentrated urine changes urine color, chart urine color ie. yellow and clear
-more concentrated in the morning or with fluid volume defecites, as the person drinks more fluid the urine becomes less concentrated
Term
clarity
Definition
transparent unless pathology is present
-stagnate urine becomes cloudy
-fresh voided urine in clients with renal disease will appear cloudy or foamy b/c of high protein concentrations
Term
odor
Definition
ammonia in nature, and in stagnant urine
-the more concentrated the urine, the stronger the odar
-sweet or fruity odor occurs from acetone or acetoacetic acid seen with diabetes mellitus or starvation
Term
urine testing
Definition
UA
specific gravity
culture
noninvasive exam
invasive exam
Term
pH
Definition
norm: 4.6-8, an acid pH helps protect against bacterial growth, stagnant urine becomes alkaline
Term
protein
Definition
norm: 0 or up to 8 mg/100mL
protein in urine is common in renal disease
Term
glucose
Definition
none
-diabetes patients have glucose in the urine commonly, ingestions of high concentrations of glucose causes some glucose present in healthy patients
Term
ketones
Definition
none
-presence of ketones is common in poorly controlled diabetetes, due to breakdown of fatty acids
-also in dehydration, starvation, or excessive aspirin
Term
blood
Definition
a positive test for occult blood occurs when intact RBC, hemoglobin, or myoglobin is present
-menstruating women
Term
specific gravity
Definition
norm: 1.0053-1.030
-measures concentration of particles in urine
-high indicates concentrated urine
-low indicates diluted urine
Term
RBCs
Definition
-norm: up to 2
-trauma, disease, or surgery
Term
WBC
Definition
norm: 0-4 per low-power field
-greater numbers indicate UTI
Term
bacteria
Definition
none, indication of infection
Term
casts
Definition
none
-cylindrical bodies whose shapes take on likeness of objects within the renal tubule
-increased presence indicates abnormal findings, and remal alterations
Term
chrystals
Definition
none
-result of food metabolism
-excess amount such as uric acid or calcium phosphate result in renal stone formation
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