Shared Flashcard Set

Details

adult health test 4
musculoskeletal
36
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
04/30/2013

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
when does bone density peak?
Definition
age 30
Term
what is pre-osteoporosis called?
Definition
osteopenia
Term

what does bone do for the body?

 

Definition

produces blood cells, stores and releases minerals (esp calcium/99%).

calcium is needed for blood clotting, muscle contractions, enzyme activity, and nerve conduction.

no bone=no calcium=bad

Term

best tool for measuring bone density?

and what number do you want in regards to measurement of bone density?

Definition

Dexa scan (DXA)

and above -1

Term
types of osteoporosis and causes of each
Definition

1. Primary=decreasing amounts of estrogen.  this is 80-90% of osteoporosis cases.

2. secondary=due to diseases such as DM, RA, renal disease, hyperthyroidism, chronic use of steroids or loop diuretics

Term
what is another name for the kyphosis that occurs due to osteoporosis?
Definition
Dowager's hump
Term
symptoms that may occur due to changes in spinal shape and deformity?
Definition
constipation, abdominal distention, problems with balance and respiratory compromise
Term
nursing diagnoses that may be applicable for someone with advanced osteoporosis, esp with kyphosis?
Definition
body image disturbance and social isolation
Term
what is vertebroplasty?
Definition
minimaaly invasive procedure that injects bone cement into a vertebral fracture to stabilize and fill in space
Term
what is kyphoplasty?
Definition
type of vertebroplasty that uses a balloon filled with cement to fill in the vertebral space
Term
what vitamins help reduce incidence of osteoporosis and how should they be taken?
Definition
Calcium and vit D; take in divided doses of 500-600mg to PREVENT, Ca citrate is best bc it does not need acidic env to be broken down in (esp those on acid blockers); Ca carbonate is most abundant in foods, start supplementation early!!
Term
for primary osteoporosis what medication may help reduce bone loss?
Definition
Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) or Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Term
name of parathyroid hormone medication and how it works?
Definition
Forteo, subq/daily; works by keeping serum Ca levels high so that parathyroid hormone doesn't stimulate release of Ca from bones
Term

oral Fosamax, Boniva, Actonel are examples of what?

Instruct patients to take these how?

 

Definition

Oral Biphosphonates

take 1st thing in the morning 30 minutes before eating; remain upright after taking in order to reduce risk of esophagitis (do not have this risk if you take these meds IV)

Term
way to naturally increase Ca?
Definition
get the hell out of the classroom and get some damn sunshine!!! nursing students=risk for osteoporosis r/t becoming a vampire due to extended study hours
Term
nursing intervention for activity to increase bone density?
Definition

advise patients to engage in weight bearing exercise bc exercise slows bone loss; has to be weight bearing so no swimming

ex; walking 30 min 3-5 times; too much stress on bones can also be bad so no high impact

Term
what is the recommended ca intake for 11-24 year olds?
Definition
1200-1500mg
Term
what is the recommended ca intake for for femailes 25-49?
Definition
1000mg
Term
what nursing interventions are appropriate to teach for someone with cartilage degeneration?
Definition
use of moist heat such as a shower or warm, moist compresses
Term
what foods/drinks/substances should nurses teach patient to avoid in order to maintain bone health?
Definition
alcohol, tea/coffee/soda, nicotine due to t their ability to interfere with ca absorption and storage
Term
what are typical complaints of someone developing musculoskeletal problems that may cause a nurse to further investigate?
Definition
pain and weakness, impaired mobility of any sort
Term
best foods for bone health
Definition
palin nonfat yog, plain skim yog, cafe late, swiss cheese, choc milkshake, sardines, baked potato with cheese, am cheese, fat free fruit yog, mozz cheese, cheddar cheese, milk,  (in this order)
Term
what is osteomyelitis?
Definition
severe bone infection that can be difficult to treat caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi
Term
why is osteomyelitis so hard to treat
Definition
it has a rich blood supply to the infection is able to travel and spread easily
Term
what can osteomyelitis result in?
Definition
necrosis, bone abscess, and amputation if not treated early
Term
the initial infection of osteomyelitis is considered _________ and subsequent infections that travel from the original infection are considered _________?
Definition

exogenous bc the original inf is from organisms outside the body

endogenous bc it's carried by the bloodstream

Term

what infection, esp in older men, can result in osteomyelitis?

other infections?

Definition

UTI inf can be spread to lower vertebra, so maintaining catheters is esp imp for this reason

periodontal inf, salmonella, long term IV caths,

Term
symptoms of acute osteomyelitis
Definition
fever over 101, swelling around affected area, erythema of affected area, tenderness at site, bone pain that is constant, localized, and pulsating, intensifies with movement, WBC extremely elevated
Term
symptoms of chronic osteomyelitis
Definition
ulceration of skin, sinus tract formation, localized pain, drainage from affected area, WBC may only be slightly elevated
Term
what age group is osteomyelitis most prevalent in?
Definition
children
Term
what is contiguous osteomyelitis?
Definition
when the bone infection resullts from skin infection of adjacent tissues. ex; facial bone inf from periodontal inf.
Term
treatment for osteomyelitis
Definition
IV antimicrobials for 3 mo (PICC), po tx after, pain control, hyperbaric O2, possibly surgery to debride tissue and revascularize.
Term
what are the 6 Ps to check in osteomyelitis
Definition
pain, paresis, paralsis, paresthesia, pallor, and pulselessness
Term
is capillary refill time a reliable indicator to check in osteomyelitis?
Definition
nope
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