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Acute Disorders of Brain Function
n/a
19
Pathology
Graduate
02/19/2011

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Cards

Term
Primary injury
Definition
immediately at the onset of brain injury
Term
Brain necrosis occurs as cells...
Definition
lose membrane integrity, rupture, release intracellular components into extracellular space
Term
Secondary injury
Definition
Further neurologic damage subsequent to primary injury over days or weeks
Term
What does necrosis follow?
Definition
severe ischemic injury
Term
What does apoptosis follow?
Definition
Moderate ischemic injury
Term
What ensues if ATP levels fall profoundly?
Definition
necrosis
Term
What ensues if ATP level is partially maintained?
Definition
Apoptosis
Term
Mild reductions in ATP is associated with what (relative to cell viability)
Definition
reversible injury and cellular recovery
Term
when does ischemia occur?
Definition
when blood is below the level neeed to meet metabolic demands (of brain tissue)
Term
What is hypoxia?
Definition
deficiency of oxygen at the cellular level as a result of decreadd blood flow or ddecreaded blood oxygenation.
Term
What is different about brain tissue relative to other tissues in the body?
Definition
It requires 15% of total cardiac output and 20% of body's oxygen consumption, while only constituting 2% of body weight, except in Rhonda b/c she's so damn smart
Term
How long does it take to cause irreversible brain damage in humans due to loss of ATP?
Definition
5-10 minutes
Term
What can lead to a loss of neuronal integrity?
Definition
Toxicity from H+ ions, due to a continuance of Glycolysis in an ischemic cell
Term
How much of the ATP in a typical neuron is consumed by the Na/K pump?
Definition
3/4
Term
Contains calcium transporters that sequester calcium ions
Definition
Mitochondrial membrane
Term
Why as ischemic cells prone to calcium overload?
Definition
pumps that move calcium out othe cell ar energy dependent
Term
Name an excitotoxin and two receptors linked to it.
Definition
Glutamate; NMDA, AMPA
Term
with concomitant ischemia, reuptake mechanisms fail to remove excess what from the synapse bc they are energy dependent processes
Definition
glutamate
Term
secondary injury due to free radical accumulation and the influx of inflammatory cells after re-establishing blood flow
Definition
reperfusion injury
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