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Active and Passive Transport ~
Notes on different types of transport for Bio
25
Biology
9th Grade
12/16/2011

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Term
define turgor pressure
Definition
pressure exerted against the cell wall in plant cells when they gain water
Term
define cytolysis
Definition
swelling of animal cells when placed in a hypotonic solution
Term
define plasmolysis
Definition
shrinking of the cell when placed in a hypertonic solution
Term
define osmosis
Definition
passive diffusion of water
Term
define hypertonic
Definition
The concentration of solute outside the cell is higher, causing water to flow outward
Term
define hypotonic
Definition
the concentration of solute inside the cell is higher, causing water to flow inward
Term
What happened to the chloroplasts when the elodea was placed in a hypertonic solution?
Definition
They went with the membrane and clustered together.
Term
How do euglena and other protists keep themselves from exploding with too much water?
Definition
contractile vacuole
Term
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from _______ to ______ concentration
Definition
High to low
Term
define isotonic
Definition
the amount of solute is the same inside and outside the cell, causing no net movement of molecules
Term
define concentration gradient
Definition
the difference between the concentration of molecules on two sides of the membrane
Term
What is facilitated diffusion used to transport?
Definition
molecules that are not soluble in lipids
Term
How do Na+ ions enter the cell?
Definition
diffusing through Na+ ion channels
Term
How do carrier proteins transport substances across cell membranes?
Definition
They bind to the molecule and release it on the other side of the membrane.
Term
What types of stimuli cause the gates on the ion channels to open and close?
Definition
stretching of the membrane, electrical signals, or chemicals inside and outside of the cell
Term
define active transport
Definition
movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to a higher concentration; requires energy
Term
define endocytosis
Definition
the process by which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles
Term
define phagocytosis
Definition
the process by which cells ingest solids (cellular eating)
Term
define pinocytosis
Definition
the process by which cells ingest liquid (cellular drinking)
Term
define exocytosis
Definition
the process by which molecules are egested or secreted outside the cell
Term
What type of pump is needed for nerve impulses to contract muscles?
Definition
Sodium-Potassium Pump
Term
What life functions use active transport?
Definition
excretion, egestion, secretion, ingestion
Term
define aquaporin
Definition
a protein channel that allows water to get through hydrophobic interior of lipid bilayer
Term
define ionophore
Definition
a special molecule that aids a substance across a membrane during facilitated diffusion
Term
The sodium-potassium pump transports Na+ ________ the cell and K+ ________ the cell.
Definition
Na+ out of the cell, and K+ into the cell
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