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Acc. Biology Genetics 3
Simon Kenton
51
Biology
10th Grade
04/17/2013

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Cards

Term
Pedigree
Definition
A graphic representation of genetic inheritance
Term

Symbols of a Pedigree

Male

Definition
Square
Term

Symbols of a Pedigree

Female

Definition
Circle
Term

Symbols of a Pedigree

Death

Definition
Circle or Square with a line through it
Term

Symbols of a Pedigree

Married

Definition
A circle and a square joined together with a line
Term

Symbols of a Pedigree

Children

Definition

Circle and a square joined together with a line and then a line branching down off of it.

The first child is on the left

Term

Symbols of a Pedigree

Affected Individuals

Definition
Circle or square colored in
Term
DNA Fingerprint
Definition
A sequence of bands that shows a persons DNA sequence
Term
Restriction Enzymes
Definition
Cut DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides
Term
Gel Electrophoresis
Definition

Used to separate DNA fragments by size

 

Term
What charge does DNA have?
Definition
Negative
Term
In gel electrophoresis which fragments move the farest?
Definition
Smallest
Term
In gel electrophoresis which fragments dont move very far
Definition
larger
Term
In gel electrophoresis DNA fragments move through the gel to the ______ side
Definition
positive
Term
Tandem Repeat
Definition
region of a chromosome that contains multiple copies of a DNA sequence
Term
Tandem repeats act as filler regions and do not code for ________
Definition
Proteins
Term
PCR
Definition

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Process of making many copies of genes

Term
How does PCR work?
Definition

Heat up DNA to separate the strands

Cool down DNA to add on nucleotides to make a two new strands

Term
Transformation
Definition

One organism is changed by a gene or genes from another organism

Ex. glow in the dark E. coli

Term
Genetic Engineering
Definition

method of cutting DNA from one organism and inserting the DNA into another organism

Term

Recombinant DNA

Definition
DNA made by recombining fragments of DNA from different organisms
Term
Transgenic Organism
Definition

An organism that contains functional foreign DNA

Ex. glow in the dark E. coli

Term
Cloneing
Definition
genetically identical offspring produced rom a single cell
Term

Human Genome Project

Definition
  • An international effort to completely map and sequence the human genome
Term
Genetic Disorders
Definition
The harmful effects produced by mutated genes
Term
Cystic Fibrosis
Definition

Recessive disorder

Common in white americans

Causes mucus to accumulate in the lungs

 

Term
Tay-Sachs
Definition

Recessive disorder

Affects central nervous systemCommon in US among Jews

Term
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Definition

Recessive disorder

Failure of brain to develop in infancy

Phenylalanine is not broken down and builds up

Newborns appear normal until they drink milk

Term
Huntingtons Disorder
Definition

Dominant disorder

Breakdown of certain areas of the brain

Onset usually between 30-50

Term
Achondroplasia
Definition

Dominant disorder

Dwarfism

Term
Sickle Cell Anemia
Definition
  • Recissive Disorder
  • Common in black americans
  • Causes red blood cells to be sicklw shape and reduces there oxygen carrying capacity
Term
_____ pairs of chromosomes in humans
Definition
23
Term
_____ pairs of autosomes in humans
Definition
22
Term
_____ pair of sex chromosomes in humans
Definition
1
Term
In humans chromosome pairs 1-22 are called
Definition
Autosomes
Term
Female chromosomes
Definition
XX
Term
Male Chromosomes
Definition
XY
Term
Sex-linked Traits
Definition
traits controlled by genes on sex chromosomes
Term
Sex linked traits are more common in
Definition
Males because they have one X
Term
Red Green Color Blindness
Definition

Sex linked recessive

Failure of blood to clot

Term
Muscular Dystrophy
Definition

Sex linked recessive

wasting away of muscles

Term
X-Chromosome Inactivation
Definition

In female mammals one X in every cell is turned off

Ex. calico cat

Term
Karyotype
Definition

A chart of chromosome pairs that is valuable in pinpointing unusual chromosome numbers in cells

Term
Down Syndrome
Definition

Also called Trisomy 21

3 chromosomes on pair 21

due to nondisjunction

Term
Nondisjunction
Definition
Failure of the chromosomes to separate in meiosis
Term
Patau Syndrome
Definition

Also called trisomy 13

Multiple adnormalities

Fatal by one year of age

Term

Edward Syndrome

 

Definition

Also called trisomy 18

three chromosomes on chromosome pair 18

varying degrees of mental retadation

usually fatal by three months of age

Term
Turner Syndrome
Definition

only have on X (XO)

Femals

Sterile

shorter, stocky

Term
Triple X
Definition

XXX

females

usually fertile

abnormalities vary

Term
Klinefelter Syndrome
Definition

XXY

males

sterile

may be mentally retarded

slight breast development

underdeveloped genitalia

sparse body hair

Term
Jacob Syndrome
Definition

XYY

males

sterile

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