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ABSITE-INFECTION
absite
44
Science
Post-Graduate
12/20/2012

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Cards

Term

Predominant bacteria type by location:

1. Stomach

2. Proximal small bowel

3. Distal small bowel

4. Colon

Definition

1. Essentially sterile (increased colonization in presence of acid reducing medication)

2. GPCs

3. GPCs, GPRs, GNR

4. ANAEROBES!

Term
Most common anaerobe in the colon?
Definition
B. fragilis
Term
Most common aerobe in the colon?
Definition
E. coli
Term
Most common cause of gram negative sepsis?
Definition
E. coli
Term
Pathophysiology of gram negative sepsis?
Definition
ENDOtoxin (Lipid A) release triggers TNF-α release, which triggers complement activation
Term

Insulin and glucose levels (up/down) in early sepsis?

Late sepsis?

Definition

Early = Insulin DOWN, Glucose UP

Late = Insulin UP, Glucose UP

Term
Treatment of C dif colitis?
Definition
minimize other antibiotics, ORAL VANC and/or ORAL/IV flagyl
Term
Usual time course for development of post-op abscess?
Definition
7-10 days
Term
Most common bacteria in surgical wound infections?
Definition
S. aureus
Term
Most common cause of surgical wound infections?
Definition
Break in sterile technique
Term

Most common:

1. GNR in wound infection?

 

2. anaerobe in wound infection?

Definition

1. E. coli

 

2. B. fragilis

Term
2 causes of invasive soft tissue infection within hours of operation?
Definition

C. perfringens 

 

β-hemolytic strep (Group A strep)

Term
Most common nonsurgical infection?
Definition
UTI
Term
Most common cause of infectious death post-op?
Definition
PNA
Term
Top three causes of line infections?
Definition

1. S. epidermidis

 

2. S. aureus

 

3. yeast

Term
Treatment of necrotizing fasciitis?
Definition

Early debridement (until reach healthy tissue, sometimes requires amputation),

high dose PCN and/or broad spectrum Abx

 

*(usually re-debride in 24 hours)

Term
Risk factors for Fournier's gangrene?
Definition
Diabetes, immunocompromised state
Term
Diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?
Definition
>500 PMNs in tap
Term
Most common organism in SBP?
Definition
E. coli
Term
Risk of contacting HIV from a positive needle stick?
Definition
0.3%
Term
Medications given to decrease seroconversion to HIV after exposure?
Definition
AZT and Lamivudine
Term
Most common intestinal manifestation of AIDS?
Definition

CMV colitis

 

(can present with pain, bleeding or perforation)

Term
Most common site of lymphoma in HIV patient?
Definition

Stomach

 

(2nd is rectum; *non-Hodgkins)

Term
Treatment of GI tract lymphoma?
Definition
chemotherapy
Term
What percentage of hepatitis C patients progress to chronic infection?
Definition
60%
Term
Risk of developing cirrhosis in Hep C over 20 years?
Definition
15%
Term
Treatment of brown recluse spider bite?
Definition
Dapsone
Term
Bacteria found only in HUMAN bites?
Definition
Eikenella
Term
Common bacteria found in dog and cat bites?
Definition
Pasteurella multocida (treat with Augmentin)
Term
Treatment of peritoneal dialysis catheter infections?
Definition
Intraperitoneal Vanc or Gent (keep catheter)
Term
PCN, Aminoglycosides--bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic?
Definition
CIDAL!
Term
Tetracycline, clindamycin, bactrim--Cidal or static?
Definition
STATIC
Term
Mechanism of PCN resistance?
Definition
Plasmids encoding beta-lactamase
Term
Mechanism of methicillin resistance in S. aureus?
Definition
mutation of cell wall binding protein (same as in VRE!)
Term
Mechanism of aminoglycoside resistance?
Definition
mutation of transport protein
Term
If the peak level of antibiotic is too high, how modify the dose?
Definition
Decrease dose
Term
If the trough level of antibiotic is too high, how modify dose?
Definition
Decrease frequency of dose
Term
Treatment of Group A strep or clostridial wound infection post op?
Definition
PCN G or Clinda/Vanc
Term
Mechanism of action of sulbactam and clavulanic acid?
Definition
inhibit beta-lactamase
Term
Mechanism of virulence of pseudomonas?
Definition
Inhibits protein synthesis by inactivating Elongation factor-2 (EF-2)
Term
Does H. pylori serology test for active infection?
Definition
NO! (cannot differentiate current vs. past infection)
Term
Most sensitive and specific way to test for active H. pylori infection?
Definition
Urea breath test
Term
Quantitative cutoff for positive bacterial wound culture?
Definition
10’5
Term
Cause of UTI in young females?
Definition
S. saprophyticus
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