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Abnormal
Test 1
64
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
02/09/2010

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Term
Family aggregation
Definition
Whether a disorder runs in families
Term
nomenclature
Definition
a naming system that enables us to structure info in a more helpful manner
Term
Disadvantages of Classification
Definition
loss of info, stigma, stereotyping, labeling, etc.
Term
Stigma
Definition
disgrace
Term
Wakefields definition of mental disorder
Definition
Mental condition that causes significant distress or disablility, is not merely an expectable response to a particular even, and is a manifestation of a mental dysfunction.
Term
abnormal behavior
Definition
behavior that deviates from the norms of the society in which it is enacted.
Term
Epidemiology
Definition
the study of the distribution of diseases, disorders, or health related behaviors in a given population
Term
Prevalence
Definition
refers tot he number of active cases in a population during any given period of time.
Term
1-year prevalence
Definition
we would count everyone who suffered from depression at any time during the whole year
Term
Lifetime Prevalence
Definition
Covers full life spans and include both currently ill people and recovered people who have had the disorder. These tend to be higher than other prevalences.
Term
Incidence
Definition
refers to the number of new cases that occer over a given period of time. These are typically lower than prevalence rates
Term
Comorbidity
Definition
term used to describe the presence of two or more disorders in the same person. Tend to be high in people who have severe forms of mental disorders
Term
Hippocrates
Definition
often referred to as the father of modern medicine. He classified all mental disorders into 3 general categories-mania, melancholia, and phrenitis-and gave detailed clinical descriptions of the specific disorders included in each category. He also considered dreams to be important in understanding a patients personality.
Term
Mass Madness
Definition
Widespread occurrence of group behavior disorders that were apparently cases of hysteria
Term
Johann Weyer
Definition
German physician who was one of the 1st to specialize in in mental disorders
Term
Asylums
Definition
Sanctuaries or place of refuge meant solely for the care of the mentally ill.
Term
Moral Management
Definition
a wide ranging method of treatment that focused on a patients social, individual, and occupational needs
Term
Mental Hygiene Movement
Definition
Advocated a method of treatment that focused almost exclusively on the physical well being of hospitalized mental patients.
Term
Deinstitutionalization
Definition
The closing of mental hospitals
Term
Mesmer
Definition
attempted to put his views into practice in Vienna and he opened a clinic where he treated various diseases by using animal magnetism. In a dark room patients were seated around a tub containing various chemicals and iron rods protruding from the tub were applied to the affected areas of the patients bodies. His methods became known as MESMERISM
Term
Nancy School
Definition
Physicians that accepted that hysteria was a form of self hypnosis
Term
Catharsis
Definition
Emotional release (found when freud induced hypnosis)
Term
Free Association
Definition
involved having patients talk freely about themselves thereby providing info about their feelings, motives, and so forth.
Term
Dream Analysis
Definition
Involved having patients record and describe their dreams. Helped physicians understand emotional problems.
Term
Behaviorism
Definition
Watson changed the focus of psychology to the study of overt behavior rather than the study of theoretical mentalistic constructs
Term
Etiology
Definition
Causes of disorders
Term
Case Study
Definition
Good but info collected can only be applied to that one individual and not a population
Term
Self Report Data
Definition
Surveys, questionnaires, etc. Can be misleading b.c people can lie
Term
Comparison Group
Definition
researchers use this to test their hypotheses, this is a group of people who do not exhibit the disorder being studied but who are comparable in all other major respects to the criterion group (Group W/ disorder)
Term
Observational Research
Definition
Does not involve any manipulation of variables. instead, the researcher selects groups of interest
Term
Prospective
Definition
idea is to identify individuals who have a higher-than-average likelihood of becoming psychologically disordered and to focus on them before the disorder developes.
Term
Analogue Studies
Definition
We study not the real thing but some approximation to it. these can also involve humans.
Term
Sufficient Cause
Definition
condition that guarantees the occurrence of a disorder
Term
Contributory Cause
Definition
Increases the probability of a disorder developing but is neither necessary nor sufficient for the disorder to occur.
Term
Protective Factors
Definition
Influences that modify a persons response to environmental stressors, making it less likely that the person will experience the adverse consequences of the stressors.
Term
Resilience
Definition
Ability to adapt successfully to even very difficult circumstances.
Term
Developmental Psychopathology
Definition
Focuses on determining what is abnormal at any time in development by comparing and contrasting it with the normal and expected changes that occur in the course of development
Term
Biopsychosocial Viewpoint
Definition
acknowledges that biological,psychosocial, and sociocultural factors all interact and play a role in psychopathology and treatment
Term
Synapse
Definition
tiny filled space between neurons
Term
Neurotransmitters
Definition
Chemical substances that are released into the synapse by the presynaptic neuron when a nerve impulse occurs.
Term
Hormones
Definition
Chemical messengers secreted by a set of endocrine glands in our bodies.
Term
Pituitary Gland
Definition
Which is the master gland of the body, producing a variety of hormones that regulate or control the other endocrine glands
Term
Genes
Definition
consist of very long molecules of DNA and are present at various locations on chromosomes.
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
Chainlike structures within a cell nucleus that contain the genes
Term
Cortisol
Definition
Mobilizes the body to deal with stress
Term
Genotype
Definition
Persons total genetic endowment
Term
Genotype-environmental correlation
Definition
When the genotype shapes the environmental experiences a chile has in this way.
Term
Behavior Genetics
Definition
field that focuses on studying the heritablilty of mental disorders as well as other aspects of psychological functioning.
Term
Family History Method
Definition
requires that an investigator observe samples of realtives of each proband or index case to see whether the incidence increases in proportion to the degree of hereditary relationship
Term
Twin Method
Definition
2nd approach used to study genetic influences on abnormal behavior
Term
Family History Method
Definition
requires that an investigator observe samples of realtives of each proband or index case to see whether the incidence increases in proportion to the degree of hereditary relationship.
Term
Concordance Rate
Definition
percentage of twins sharing the disorder or trait.
Term
Linkage Analysis
Definition
studies of mental disorders capitalize on several current known locations on chromosomes of genes for other inherited physical characteristics or biological processes.
Term
Association studies
Definition
start with a large group of individuals both with and without a given disorder. researchers compare the frequencies in the people with and without the disorder, of certain genetic markers that are known to be located on particular chomosomes
Term
Temperment
Definition
refers to a child's reactivity and characteristic ways of self regulation
Term
ID
Definition
source of instinctual drives and is the first structure to appear in infancy
Term
Ego
Definition
mediates between the demands of the id and the realities of the external world
Term
SuperEgo
Definition
Outgrowth of internalizing the taboos and moral values of society concerning what is right and wrong (referred to as the conscious)
Term
Schema
Definition
underlying representation of knowledge that guides the current processing of info and often leads to distortions in attention, memory, and comprehension.
Term
Self-schemas
Definition
our views of who we are, what we might become, and what is important to us.
Term
Authoritative parenting
Definition
Parents both very warm and very careful to set clear standards and limits on certain kinds of behaviors, while allowing considerable freedoms within these limits. they tend to be attentive and sensitive to their child's needs while still enforcing limits. associated with most positive development.
Term
Authoritarian parenting
Definition
high on control but low on warmth. they often appear quiet cold and demanding. their children tend to be conflicted, moody, and irritable.
Term
Permissive/indulgent
Definition
high on warmth but low on discipline and control. associated with aggressive and compulsive behavior in childhood
Term
neglectful/uninvolved parenting
Definition
low on both warmth and control. tend to be disengaged and not supportive of children. associated with disruptions during attachment during childhood.
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