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Abnormal Psychology Final Exam
Gender Identity
20
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
12/14/2013

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Term
Gender identity
Definition
The psychological sense of being male or female
Term
Gender dysphoria definition
Definition
Diagnosis applies to people who experience significant personal distress or impaired functioning as a result of a conflict between their anatomic sex and their gender identity – their sense of maleness or femaleness
Term
Gender
Definition
A psychosocial concept distinguishing maleness from femaleness
Term
Gender roles
Definition
Societal expectations of behaviors appropriate for men and women
Term
Gender identity
Definition
Our psychological sense of ourselves as females or males
Term
Transgender identity
Definition
• People who have the psychological sense of belonging to one gender while possessing the sexual organs of the other
• Not all people with transgender identity have gender dysphoria
Term
Gender dysphoria in children
Definition
• Often begins in childhood
• It is intended to apply to children who repudiate their biologic and associated characteristics in a number of ways
• In childhood may end before adolescence, as children become more accepting of their biologic sex or come to terms with having transgender identity
Term
Key features of gender dysphoria in childhood
Definition
• Strong desire to be a member of the other gender
• Strong preferences for playing with members of the other gender
• Feelings of disgust and personal distress about one’s sexual anatomy
• Desires to have physical characteristics associated with one’s experienced gender
• Preferences for assuming roles of the other gender in make believe or fantasy play
• Preferences for wearing clothing typically associated with the other gender
Term
Transgender identity in DSM-V
Definition
GID was replaced in DSM-5 with gender dysphoria to emphasize the intense discomfort or distress that transgender people may experience from the mismatch between their gender identity and designated gender
Term
Psychodynamic theory on transgender identity
Definition
• Point to extremely close mother-son relationships
• Empty relationships with parents
• Fathers who were absent or detached
Term
Learning theory on transgender identity
Definition
• Also point to father absence in the case of boys – to the unavailability of a strong male role model
• Children who were reared by parents who had wanted children of the other gender and who strongly encouraged cross-gender dressing
Term
Psychosocial theory on transgender identity
Definition
Psychosocial influences interact with a biological predisposition in influencing the development of transgender identity
Term
Biological theory on transgender identity
Definition
• May result from the effects of male sexual hormones on the developing brain during prenatal development
• Evidence links high levels of testosterone during prenatal development to more masculinized play in children
• Disturbance in the endocrine environment during gestation leads the brain to become differentiated with respect to gender identity in one direction while the genitals develop normally in the other direction
• Lack direct evidence
Term
Overall theory of transgender identity
Definition
A combination of genetic and hormonal influences may create a disposition that interacts with early life experiences in leading to the development of transgender identity
Term
Transvestic fetishism
Definition
Individual gets sexual arousal out of cross dressing
Term
Transvestism
Definition
• Often heterosexual males
• Enjoy crossdressing
Term
Transsexualism
Definition
• Transgender individuals who undergo sexual reassignment surgery
• Believe they were born the wrong gender
Term
Transvestism prevalence rate
Definition
• 0.5 - 5% of males in population
• 98% of crossdressers
Term
Transsexualism prevalence rate
Definition
• Less than 1% of crossdressers
Term
Ashley's theory on transgender identity
Definition
• It is more of a compulsion than for sexual gratification
• Can be anyone
• Won't know until they tell you
• Usually starts at a young age
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