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Abnormal Psychology Ch. 4
Anxiety Disorders; Terminology and Conceptual applications
57
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
09/12/2010

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Term
Anxiety
Definition
Mood state characterized by marked negative affect and bodily symptoms of tension in which a person apprehensively anticipates future danger or misfortune. Anxiety may involve feelings, behaviors, and physiological responses. 
Term
Fear
Definition
Emotion of an immediate alarm reaction to present danger or life-threatening emergencies.
Term
Panic
Definition
Sudden, overwhelming fright or terror.
Term
Panic Attack
Definition
Abrupt experience of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by several physical symptoms, such as dizziness or heart palpitations.
Term
Behavioral Inhibition System(BIS)
Definition
Brain circuit in the limbic system that responds to threat signals by inhibiting activity and causing anxiety.
Term
fight/flight system(FFS)
Definition
Brain circuit in animals that when stimulated causes an immediate alarm-escape response resembling human panic.
Term
A ___________ is an abrupt experience of an intense fear or acute discomfort accompanied by physical symptoms, such as chest pain and shortness of breath. 
Definition
Panic Attack
Term
A_______ panic attack often occurs in certain situations but not on other occasions. 
Definition
Situationally bound
Term
Anxiety is associated with specific______(for example, BIS or FFS) and _________ systems(for example, non adrenergic).
Definition
Brain circuits, neurotransmitter
Term
The rates of ______ among anxiety disorders are high because they share the common features of anxiety and panic.
Definition
Comorbidity
Term
_________ life events can trigger biological and psychological vulnerabilities to anxiety. 
Definition
Stressful
Term
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Definition
Anxiety disorder characterized by intense, uncontrollable, unfocused, chronic, and continuous worry that is distressing and unproductive accompanied by physical symptoms of tenseness, irritability and restlessness.
Term
Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia (PDA)
Definition
Fear and Avoidance of situations the person believes might induce a dreaded panic attack.
Term
Agoraphobia
Definition
Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult.
Term
Panic disorder without agoraphobia(PD)
Definition
Panic attacks experienced without development of agoraphobia.
Term
__ GAD is characterized by muscle tension, mental agitation, irritability, sleeping difficulties, and susceptibility to fatigue
Definition
True
Term
___ Most studies show that in most cases of GAD, onset is early in adulthood as an immediate response to a life stressor.
Definition
False (more gradual)
Term
__ GAD is prevalent in the elderly and in females in our society.
Definition
True
Term
___ GAD has no genetic basis.
Definition
False
Term
__ CBT and other psychological treatments for GAD are probably better than drug therapies in the long run.
Definition
True
Term
Panic Control Treatment(PCT)
Definition
Cognitive-behavioral treatment for panic attacks, involving gradual exposure to feared somatic sensations and modification of perceptions and attitudes about them.
Term
Specific Phobia
Definition
Unreasonable fear of a specific object or situation that markedly interferes with daily life functioning.
Term
blood-injury-injection phobia
Definition
Unreasonable fear and avoidance of exposure to blood, injury, or the possibility of an injection. Victims experience fainting and a drop in blood pressure.
Term
Situational Phobia
Definition
Anxiety involving enclosed places(for example, claustrophobia) or public transportation (for example, fear of flying). 
Term
Natural environment phobia
Definition
Fear of situations or events in nature, especially heights, storms, and water.
Term
Animal Phobia
Definition
Unreasonable, enduring fear of animals or insects that usually develops early in life.
Term
Separation anxiety disorder
Definition
Excessive, enduring fear in some children that harm will come to them or their parents while they are apart. 
Term
Social Phobia
Definition
Extreme, enduring, irrational fear and avoidance of social or performance situations. 
Term

Mark had no friends at school and hid in the boys' bathroom during both lunch and recess.

 

What phobia would this be? __________

Definition
Social
Term

Dennis fears and stenuously avoids storms. Not suprisingly, on his first oceangoing curise, he found that deep water terrified him, too.

 

What phobia would this be? __________

Definition
Natural environments
Term

Rita was conformable at the zoo until the old terror gripped her at the insect display.

 

What phobia would this be? __________

Definition
Animal
Term

Armando would love to eat fish with his fishing buddies, but he experiences an inordinate fear of choking on a bone.

 

What phobia would this be? __________

Definition
Other
Term

John had to give up his dream of becoming a surgeon because he faints at the sight of blood.

 

What phobia would this be? __________

Definition
blood-injury-injection
Term

Rachel turned down several lucrative job offers that involved public speaking for a low-paying desk job.

 

What phobia would this be? __________

Definition
Social
Term

Farrah can't visit her rural friends because of her fear of snakes.

 

What phobia would this be? __________

Definition
Animal
Term
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD)
Definition
Enduring, distressing emotional disorder that follows exposure to a severe helplessness- or fear-inducing threat. The victim re experiences the trauma, avoids stimuli associated with it, and develops a numbing of responsiveness and an increased vigilance and arousal.
Term
Acute Stress Disorder
Definition
Severe reaction immediately following a terrifying event, often including amnesia about the event, emotional numbing, and derealization. Many victims later develop post-traumatic stress disorder. 
Term

Judy witnessed a horrific tornado leveling her farm 3 weeks ago. Since then, she's had many flashbacks of the incident, trouble sleeping, and a fear of going outside in storms. 

 

What preliminary diagnosis would match this case?_______

Definition
acute stress disorder
Term

Jack was involved in a car accident 6 weeks ago in which the driver of the other car was killed. Since then, jack has been unable to get into a car because it brings back the horrible scene he witnessed. NIghtmares of the incident with his sleep. he is irritable and has lost interest in his work and hobbies. 

 

What preliminary diagnosis would match this case?_______

 

 

Definition
Acute PTSD
Term

Patricia was raped at the age of 17, 30 years ago. Just recently, she has been having flashbacks of the event, difficulty sleeping, and fear of sexual contact with her husband.______

 

What preliminary diagnosis would match this case?_______

Definition
Delayed onset PTSD
Term
Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)
Definition
Anxiety disorder involving unwanted, persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses, as well as repetitive actions intended to suppress them.
Term
Obsession
Definition
Recurrent intrusive thought or impulse the client seeks to suppress or neutralize while recognizing it is not imposed by outside forces.
Term
Compulsion
Definition
Repetitive, ritualistic, time-consuming behavior or mental act a person feels driven to perform.
Term
_________ are intrusive and nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges an individual tires to eliminate or suppress.
Definition
Obsessions
Term
The practices of washing, counting, and hoarding to suppress obsessions and provide relief are called __________. 
Definition
Compulsions
Term
The lifetime prevalence of OCD is approximately __________.
Definition
1.6%
Term
__________ is a radical treatment for OCD involving a surgical lesion to the cingulate bundle. 
Definition

Psychosurgery

 

Term
1.__________ is a psychological experience characterized by concern about future events, and _______ is characterized by concern about current circumstances. 
Definition
1. Anxiety; Fear
Term
2. In an integrated model of anxiety, which childhood experience appears to make an individual more vulnerable to anxiety in adulthood?
Definition
2. Negative and inconsistent attention from parents
Term
3. Which of the following is true about generalized anxiety disorder?
Definition
3. Its course tends to be chronic
Term
4. Why are the majority of people who suffer from agoraphobia women?
Definition
4. Cultural factors make it more acceptable for women to avoid situations and to report their fears. 
Term
5. Marty has a fear of dogs. Which of the following suggest that his fear qualifies as specific phobia rather than just an everyday fear?
Definition
5. Marty will only work night shifts, a time when he thinks all dogs will be safely inside.
Term
6. Which technique appears to be the most effective treatment for phobias?
Definition
6. Exposure to the feared stimulus under therapeutic supervision.
Term
7. Which of the following is the most essential characteristic of social phobia?
Definition
7. Fear of evaluation by other people.
Term
8. Which feature differentiates post-traumatic stress disorder from acute stress disorder?
Definition
8. The time since the traumatic event occurred
Term
9. Every morning when he leaves for work Anthony has recurring doubts about whether he locked his front door. He continues thinking about this throughout the day, to the distraction of his work. Anthony is experiencing:
Definition
9. Obsession
Term
10. When a person believes that thinking about hurting someone is just as bad as actually hurting someone, that person is experiencing:
Definition
10. Thought-action fusion. 
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