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Abnormal Psych exam 3
schizophrenia
39
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
04/21/2008

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Term
psychosis
Definition
the unability to tell the difference b/t what is real and waht is unreal.
Term
Two catergories of symptoms
Definition
1) Positive symptoms (Type 1 symptoms)
2) Negative symptoms (Type II symptoms)
Term
Positive symptoms (type I symptoms)
Definition
characterized by the presence of unusual perceptions, thoughts, or behaviors.
-symptoms represents very salient experiences.
Term
Negative symptoms (type II symptoms)
Definition
-represent losses or deficits in certain domains.
-involve the absence of behaviors, rather than the presence of behaviors.
Term
Delusions
Definition
ideas that an individual believes are tre but are highly unlikely and often simply impossible.
Term
Persecutory Delusion
Definition
the type of delusion most often discussed.
-people affected may believe they are being watched or tormented by people they know or by people/groups that they have never met.
Term
Examples of positive symptoms
Definition
-Delusions
-Hallucinations
-Disorganized thought and speech
-Disorganized or catatonic behavior
Term
Types of delusions
Definition
-persecutory delusions
-Delusions of reference
-Grandiose delusion
-Delusions of being controlled
-Delusion of guilt or sin
-Somatic delusion
Term
Delusion of reference
Definition
-delusion in which people believe that random events or comments by others are directed at them.
Term
Grandiose delusions
Definition
beliefs that one is a special person or being or possesses speial powers.
Term
Delusions of though insertion
Definition
belief that one's thoughts are being controlled by outside forces
Term
hallucinations
Definition
unreal perceptual experiences
Term
auditory hallucination
Definition
the most common type of hallucination
-people hear voices accusing them of evil deeds or threatening them.
0people may talk back to the voices
Term
visual hallucination
Definition
-second most common hallucination
ex: seeing satan next to your bed
Term
tactile hallucinations
Definition
involves perception that something is happening to the outside of one's body.
-ex: bugs crawling on ones body
Term
Somatic hallucinations
Definition
perception that something is happening inside your body
-ex: worms are eating your inside
Term
formal thought disorder
Definition
dosorganized thinking of people with schizophrenia
Term
word salad
Definition
the totally incoherent speech of a schizo
Term
catatonic excitement
Definition
a form of catatonia in schizophrenia inwhich the person become wildly agitated for no apparent reason and is difficult to subdue.
Term
three types of negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Definition
1) affective flattening
2) alogia
3) avolition
Term
Affective flattening
Definition
the complete absence of emotional responses to the environment
Term
Alogia
Definition
Severe reduction or complete absence of speech
-ex: complete mutism for weeks
Term
Avolition
Definition
an inability to persist at common, goal-directed activities, including those at work, school, and home.
Term
Type I Schizophrenia
Definition
Positive symptoms are much more prominent than the negative symptoms.
Term
Type II Schizophrenia
Definition
the negative symptoms are more prominent than the positive symptoms.
Term
Types of Schizophrenia
Definition
-Paranoid schizophrenia
-disorganized schizophrenia
-catatonic schizophrenia
-undifferentiated schizophrenia
-residual schizophrenia
Term
Paranoid schizophrenia
Definition
delusions and hallucinations with themes of persecution and grandiosity
-much more organized in thought then other subtypes
Term
disorganized schizophrenia
Definition
incoherence in cognition, speech, and behavior and flat or inappropriate affect.
-most disabled of schizophrenia
Term
Catatonic schizophrenia
Definition
nearly total unresponsiveness to the environment, as well as motor and veral abnormalities
Term
Undifferentiated schizophrenia
Definition
diagnosed when a person experiences schizophrenic symptoms but does not meet the criteria for paranoid, disorganized, or catatonic schizophrenia
Term
Residual schizophrenia
Definition
history of at least one episode of acute positive symptoms but currently no prominent positive symptoms
Term
perinatal hypoxia
Definition
birth complication when oxygen deprivation occurs during labor and delivery.
-30%
Term
The six biological theories of Schizophrenia
Definition
1) Genetic theories
2) Structural brain abnormalities
3) Birth complications
4) Prenatal viral exposure
5) Neurotransmitter theories
6) integrated theory
Term
Genetic theory of schizo
Definition
Disordered genes cause schizophrenia, or at least a vulnerability to schizophrenia
Term
Structural Brain abnormalities theory of schizo
Definition
-enlarged ventricles may indicate deterioration ofa number ofbrain areas, leading to cognitive and emotional deficits.
-Reduced volume and neuron density in the frontal cortex and the temporal and limbic areas cause widespread cognitive and emotional deficits
Term
Schizo theory: Birth complications
Definition
Delivery complications, particularly those causing loss of oxygen, might damage the brain
Term
Schizo theory: Prenatal viral exposure
Definition
exposure to viruses during the prenatal period might damage the brain
Term
schizo theory: Neurotransmitter theory
Definition
imbalances in levels of or receptors for dopamine cause symptoms; serotonin, GABA, and glutamate may also play roles
Term
Schizo theory: Integrated theory
Definition
abnormal dopamine levels in prefrontal cortex lead to deficits in working memory, which make it difficult to attend to relevant information, leading to difficulties in reasoning, communication, and problem-solving.
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