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Abnormal Overview (1&2)
Chapter 1&2 of Abnormal Psychology
50
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
01/07/2010

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Cards

Term
Elements of abnormality
Definition
Suffering
Maladaptiveness
Deviancy
Violation of Standards of Society
Social Discomfort
Irrationality and Unpredictability
Term
DSM-IV Definition of Mental Disorder
Definition
Impairment in one or more major areas of functioning
"clinically significant" behavior or psychological patterns
Unexpected or unsanctioned Emotional Response
Term
Wakefield definition of Mental Disorder
Definition
Causes significant distress or disability
Manifestation of mental dysfunction
unexpected responses to situations
Term
Prevalence
Definition
the number of active cases in a population during any given period of time
Term
Incidence
Definition
the number of new cases in a population over a given period of time
Term
Stigma
Definition
Disgrace
Term
Etiology
Definition
causes of mental disorder
Term
taijin kyofosho
Definition
anxiety disorder that you will offend or embarrass someone else through your body or body functions
Term
ataque de nervios
Definition
PTSD in which it is a seizure like fit, when over the person promptly returns to normal and in most cases has little memory of the incident
Term
comorbity
Definition
presence of 2 or more disorders in a person (usually in people with very severe cases)
Term
First Psychological Treatment
Definition
Stone Age, Trephining
Term
Trephining
Definition
Cutting a circular hole in the skull to release evil spirits; people lived for years after
Term
Edwin Smith Papyrus
Definition
described the brain as the center of the mental functions & described surgical treatments
Term
Good Spirit effects
Definition
Speech or behavioral afflictions
Term
Evil Spirits
Definition
Excited or overactive
Term
Hippocrates org. into 3 categories:
Definition
1. Mania
2. Melancholia
3. Phrentis (brain fever)
Term
4 essential fluids of the body
Definition
1. Blood (sanguis)
2. Phlegm
3. Bile (choler)
4. Black Bile (melancholer)
Term
Griesinger & Kraepelin
Definition
Found biological basis for depression
Term
Contrasis contrarius
Definition
Opposite by opposite (Roman)
Term
Mass Madness
Definition
Widespread occurrence of groups of behavioral disorders
Term
Tarantism
Definition
uncontrollable urge to dance, believed to be caused by a tarantula bite (also St. Vitus' Dance)
Term
Lycanthropy
Definition
people believe themselves to be possessed by wolves
Term
koro
Definition
south african men believing their genitals had disappeared
Term
Early Asylums
Definition
1st in spain 1409
grew 16 cent
Term
Pinel's Exp.
( France)
Definition
Tested if patients would do better if treated with Kindness > peace was restored
Term
Tyke
Definition
English Quaker at York retreat
Provided insane with kind, religious treatment
Term
Dix
Definition
Worked for the humane treatment of patients >mental hygiene efforts grew
Term
19th century view
Definition
cause was nerve exhaustion
Term
Ben Franklin
Definition
mistakenly found that electric shock alters your thinking
Term
Mesmerism
Definition
Mesmer believed that the planets influenced the body
Used magnetic forces to try to cure patients
Term
Nancy School
Definition
Niebault & Bernheim used hypnosis and believed it was related to hysteria through suggestion
Term
Charcot's belief of cause
Definition
degenerative brain functioning
Term
1st psych lab
Definition
Wundt in Leipzig in 1879
Term
Plato (400 BC)
Definition
Viewed psychological phenomena as responses to the whole organism
Emphasized individual differences (IQ) and sociocultural influences
Hospital care for treatment
Should be treated humanely
Term
Galen
Definition
provided an anatomy
of the nervous system (150 AD)
divided causation into physical and mental
Term
Recent (since 1950’s) changes include
Definition
1. Biological discoveries
2. The development of a classification system for mental disorders
3. The emergence of psychological causation views
4 .Experimental psychological research developments
Term
Hippocrates Beliefs
(Greek)
Definition
Believed disease was causes due to natural causes rather than demons
Term
Aristotle
(Greek, plato's pupil)
Definition
when various humors of the body were imbalanced, mental disorder ensued.
Rejected psychological factors as causation of mental disorders.
Term
Avicenna
Middle Ages
Definition
Islamic physician
used humane treatment
Term
Hidegard
(middle ages)
Definition
woman who used plants for healing
Sybil of the Rhine
Term
Paracelus
Definition
Rejected demons as cause and believed it was physic causes
Term
Theresa of Avila
Definition
Spanish nun who believed that mental disorders were illnesses of the mind
Term
Johnann Weyer
Definition
exiled because he argued against demonology
Term
Robert Burton
Definition
wrote on depression, The anatomy of melancholia
Term
Benjamin Rush
Definition
In america, used moral treatment modeled after Pinel
Term
Clifford Beers
Definition
American who campaigned for better mental treatment after personal experience
Term
J. Cattell
Definition
American psych. who used Wundt's methods and studied differences in mental processing
Term
Lightner Witmer
Definition
established first psych clinic in america primarily for children
The Psychology Clinic, 1907
Term
William Healy
Definition
Established Juvenile Psych Institute
Believe illness was due to environmental and sociocultural factors
Term
John B Watson
Definition
Studied learning principles and became father of behaviorism
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