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Abnormal Growth and Development
ch 10-20
44
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
03/24/2013

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Adult obesity
Definition
having a BMI >30
Term
Child obesity
Definition
child's weight is in the 95th percentile
Term
Child overweight
Definition
child's weight is greater than 85th percentile
Term
adult overweight
Definition
having a BMI between 25-29
Term
asthma
Definition
a chronic inflammation in the respiratory system that makes it difficult to breathe
Term
Primary prevention
Definition
prevention to asthma that involves societal changes.
includes better ventilation of schools and homes, decreased pollution, elimination of insects, construction of more play areas
Term
Secondary prevention
Definition
prevention to asthma that involves responses targeting high risk children. includes breast-feeding, elimination of pets, dust, smoke and other allergens, and regular checkups
Term
tertiary prevention
Definition
prevention to asthma that involves prompt treatment of children with asthma. includes injections, inhalers, and hypoallergenic materials
Term
reaction time
Definition
The time it takes to respond to a stimulus.
is sped up (or decreases)with increased myelination in the cortices of 7-8 yr old brain
Term
selective attention
Definition
the ability to concentrate on stimuli while ignoring others. is improved with the increase of myelination in the cortices of a 7-8 yr old brain
Term
automatization
Definition
The process by which a sequence of thoughts and actions is repeated until it becomes automatic, or routine. Is improved with increased myelination in the cortices of a 7-8 yr old brain
Term
Aptitude
Definition
the potential to master a particular skill or to learn a particular body of knowledge
Term
achievement
Definition
proficiency in reading, math, writing, science, or some other subject (aka actual learning not just learning potential)
Term
1. also measure achievement.
2. items selected according to culture of those who write it.
3. aptitude changes w/ development.
4. humans have multiple intelligences, some not measure on widely used tests
Definition
Major criticisms of aptitude test (4)
Term
Sternberg
Definition
He believes there are 3 types of intelligence: Academic, Creative, and Practical
Term
Gardner
Definition

He says there is Musical, Spatial, Bodyily-kinestetic, and Social/Interpersonal Knowledge and Skills.

 

later added Naturalistic, and Existential

Term
Flynn Effect
Definition
the rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations
Term
Flynn Effect
Definition
1. better health.
2. Smaller families.
3. More schooling.
These are the 3 causes that make up the...
Term
ADHD
Definition
Thought to be related to a child
s overactive limbic system. overactive
Term
Autism and Asperger Syndrome
Definition
a deficit in social understanding and communication is a common symptom of children with what 2 syndromes?
Term
Individual Education Plan (IEP)
Definition
A document that specifies educational goals and plans for children with special needs
Term
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
Definition
-A legal requirement that children with special needs be assigned to the most general educational context in which they can be expected to learn.
-Usually means educating them with children in a regular class, with added help, rather than in a special classroom or school
Term
2-6 years
Definition
pre-operational
Term
birth-2 years
Definition
sensimotor (what years)
Term
6-11 years
Definition
concrete operational
Term
12+ years
Definition
formal operational
Term
Short term (working) memory
Definition
The component of the information processing system in which current conscious mental activity occurs.
- considering the "magic" number 7 plus or minus one (ex. remembering a phone#, grocery list, "to do" list of activities)
Term
Long-term memory
Definition
the component of the information processing system which virtually limitless amounts of information can be store indefinitely
Term
Control processes
Definition
mechanisms (selective attention, emotional regulation) that combine memory, processing speed, and knowledge to regulate the analysis and flow of information within the system
Term
Metacognition
Definition
"thinking about thinking". the ability to evaluate a cognitive task in order to determine how best to accomplist it, and then to monitor and adjust one's performance on that task.
older children use this, younger children do not
Term
Total immersion
Definition
a strategy in which instruction in all school subjects occurs in the second (majority) language that a child is learning
Term
Bilingual education
Definition
a stategy in which school subjects are taught in both the learner's original language and the second (majority) language
Term
English as a second language (ESL)
Definition
An approach to teaching english in which all children who do not speak english are placed together and give an intensive course in basic english so that they can be mainstreamed (i.e. educated in same classroom as native english speakers)
Term
No Child Left Behind Act (2001)
Definition
a US law passed by congress in 2001 that was intended to increase accountability in education by requiring standarized tests to measure school achievement (know criticisms against)
Term
No Child Left Behind Act
Definition
1. the law undercuts learning bc it forces teachers to focus on preparation for exam rather than on more meaninful learning activities
2. fails to take local needs into consideration. these are both criticisms of what?
Term
phonics
Definition
teaching reading by first teaching the sound of each letter and of various letter combinations aka letter-sound correspondence
Term
whole language approach
Definition
teaching reading by utilizing current knowledge and interests with emphasis on words recognized in context aka al language-taking, listening, reading, and writing
Term
Smaller classrooms, raising teacher salaries and improving professional education, extending school hours, expanding school year, increase sport music or silent reading, support autonomous charter schools
Definition
common suggestions for improving school system
Term
family function
Definition
the way a family works to meet the needs of its members
Term

1. satisfy children's physical needs

 

2. encourage them to learn

 

3. help them develop friends

 

4. protect their self-respect

 

5. provide them with a safe, stable, and harmonious home

Definition
5 Family functions
Term
Nuclear
Definition
a family that consists of a father, mother, and biological children under 18. associated with higher Social Economic Status and education. Biological parents tend to be deicated to offspring.
Term
Heteronomous Morality
Definition

- Based on externallly imposed controls (morality of constraint)

- justice and rules are conceived as unchangable properties of the world, removed from the control of people

-belief in imminent justice-if a rule is broken, punishment will be carried out immediately

Term
Autonomous Morality
Definition

- based on an understanding of rules and laws are somewhat arbitrary agreements that can be changed if everyone agrees

- appear when children enter middle school

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