Shared Flashcard Set

Details

AA Anatomy Reproduction
Reproduction Curless
38
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
05/02/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are some examples of asexual reproduction
Definition
fission and mitosis
Term
What are the two different methods of fertilization?
Definition
external and internal
Term
What uses external fertilization?
Definition
coral, sponges, frogs, salamanders
Term
Who uses internal fertilization?
Definition
insects, birds, mammals, earthworms, crustations, etc
Term
What are the modes of sexual reproduction?
Definition
oviparity, ovoviviparity, viviparity
Term
What is oviparity?
Definition
deposition of eggs. Most common form in nature.
Term
What is ovoviviparity? Who does it?
Definition
Embryo grows inside the egg inside the uterus and then hatches inside the body and expelled, followed by the egg. Many fish do this.
Term
What is viviparity?
Definition
live birth.
Term
What are the gonads? What do they do?
Definition
the primary sex organs (testes, ovaries). Make sex hormones and gametes.
Term
What glands do males have?
Definition
seminal vesicles, prostate gland, calper/bulboertheral glands
Term
What do the seminal vesicles do?
Definition
make carbs that are the energy source for sperm.
Term
What is seminal fluid made of?
Definition
mainly water, buffers and fructose
Term
What does the prostate gland make?
Definition
about half as much seminal fluid as the seminal vesicles.
Term
What muscles are in the male reproductive system?
Definition
the dartos and cremaster
Term
What does the dartos muscle do? Voluntary or involuntary?
Definition
elevates the testes and causes wrinkling in the scrotal surface. involuntary smooth muscle.
Term
What does the cremaster muscle do? Voluntary or involuntary?
Definition
pulls tetes higher during sexual excitement or in cold water. voluntary skeletal muscle.
Term
What is the function of the scrotum?
Definition
protection and cooling of the testes
Term
When do the testes descend?
Definition
Around the time of birth
Term
What is it called when the testicles haven't descended? When do they have to descend by?
Definition
crypto-orgadism. Must descend by age 11 in order to be fertile.
Term
Why do the tests have to stay at a lower temperature than the rest of the body?
Definition
sperm lacks heat shock proteins
Term
What types of cells are in the male reproductive tract?
Definition
seminiferous tubules, interstitial cells, nurse cells
Term
What do the seminiferous tubulues do?
Definition
make sperm
Term
What do the interstitial cells do?
Definition
make testosterone
Term
What do the nurse cells do?
Definition
maintain the blood/testes barrier, protect developing sperm from the immune system, support mitosis/meiosis, secrete inhibitors, secrete androgen bidning proteins, secrete a subtance that suppresses the developing male from developing female structures
Term
How do nurse cells support mitosis and meiosis?
Definition
they control gonadotropin hormones (FSH), support spermiogenesis and provide nutrition and chemical stimuli
Term
Describe the three stages of spermatogenesis?
Definition
mitosis -> meiosis -> spermiogenesis
Term
What's the difference btw mitosis and meiosis?
Definition
Mitosis is a diplois parent w 2 daughter cells w the same number of chromosomes. Meiosis develops 4 daughter cells from one dilpod parent cell with a haploid (half) set of chromosomes.
Term
Describe the 5 stages of spermatogenesis
Definition
Mitosis: spermatogonium into a primary spermatocyte. -> Meiosis 1: DNA replication -> Meiosis 1 cont: breaks into 2 secondary spermatocytes -> Meiosis 2: 4 haploid spermatids -> spermiogenesis: physical maturation into haploid sperm
Term
Where does the acrosome start working and what does it do?
Definition
When the sperm reaches the fallopian tube. It helps break through into the egg.
Term
How many seminiferous tubules are in each testes?
Definition
about 800
Term
How long can sperm live in the female reproductive tract?
Definition
around 48 hours
Term
What do the egg and sperm make when their nuclei fuse?
Definition
a diploid zygote
Term
What are the cylinders of spongy erectile material in the penis?
Definition
corpora cavernosa (2) and the corpus spongiosum.
Term
What allows blood vessels in the penis to dilate and let it fill w blood?
Definition
neurons in the penis
Term
What pulls the egg into the fallopian tube?
Definition
the fimbrae
Term
What happens if the egg is fertilized outside of the fallopian tube?
Definition
ectopic pregnancy
Term
What are the layers of the uterus?
Definition
the endometrium, perimetrium and myometrium
Term
Which layer of the uterus engorges during pregnancy?
Definition
the endometrium
Supporting users have an ad free experience!