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A.Shaker Respiratory System Quiz 3
Semester 2
84
Nursing
Graduate
03/03/2015

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Cards

Term
O2 is obtained from the environment?
Definition
and delivered to cells
Term
CO2 is transported from the cells?
Definition
to the environment
Term
What are the phases of respiration?
Definition
Pulmonary ventilation

External exchange of gases

Internal exchange of gases
Term
What is pulmonary ventilation?
Definition
Movement of air into and out of the lungs
Term
Where does the external exchange of gases take place?
Definition
In the lungs
Term
What is the external exchange of gases?
Definition
Diffusion of O2 into the blood stream from the air in the lungs and diffusion of CO2 out of the blood stream to the air in the lungs
Term
Where does the internal exchange of gases take place?
Definition
In the tissues
Term
What is the internal exchange of gases?
Definition
Diffusion of O2 into the cells from the blood stream and diffusion of CO2 out of the cells and into the blood stream
Term
What are the structures of upper respiratory tract?
Definition
Nose (nasal cavities)
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Term
What are some structures located outside the thoracic cavity?
Definition
Nose (nasal cavities)
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Term
What are the structures of the the lower respiratory tract?
Definition
Bronchi
Lungs
Term
What are some structures located inside the thoracic cavity?
Definition
Bronchi
Lungs
Term
What separates the nasal cavities into left and right?
Definition
The septum
Term
What lines nasal cavities?
Definition
Mucous membrane
Term
Nasal conchae does what?
Definition
Increase surface surface area
Term
What are the functions of the nasal cavities?
Definition
Warms air
Humidifies air
Traps foreign particles
Olfactory receptors
Term
Where is the naso pharynx?
Definition
Superior portion of the pharynx, located posterior tot he nasal cavities
Term
Where does the eustachian tubes open into?
Definition
The naso pharynx
Term
The uvula is an extension of the palete that closes?
Definition
The naso pharynx during swallowing
Term
Where is the oro pharynx?
Definition
Middle portion of the pharynx, located posterior to the oral cavity contains the palatine and lingual tonsils
Term
Where is the laryngeal pharynx?
Definition
Inferior portion of the pharynx, it opens anteriorly to the larynx and posteriorly to the esophagus
Term
What is the epiglottis?
Definition
Cartilaginous structure that closes the larynx during swallowing
Term
What are vocal cords?
Definition
Vibrate when air moves past them producing sound
Term
What is the trachea?
Definition
Extends from the larynx to the upper part of the thoracic cavity.
Term
The trachea is anterior to the?
Definition
Esophagus
Term
The trachea has what shaped cartilages to keep it open?
Definition
C
Term
What is the trachea lined with?
Definition
Lined with pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Term
The trachea divides into two main?
Definition
Stem bronchi at the carina
Term
Each main stem bronchus enters a lung?
Definition
At the hilus
Term
Each main stem bronchus divides into secondary bronchi which divide into?
Definition
Bronchioles
Term
What does bronchial tree means?
Definition
Bronchioles which keep subdividing and getting progressively smaller
Term
What is the smallest subdivision of the bronchi?
Definition
Alveolar duct
Term
Where are lungs located?
Definition
In the thoracic cavity
Term
Where does the lungs extend from?
Definition
The clavicles to the diaphragm
Term
The apex of the lung is?
Definition
Superior
Term
The base of the lung is?
Definition
Inferior
Term
What is the lung surrounded by?
Definition
Pleura (serous membrane)
Term
How many lobes does the right lung have?
Definition
3
Term
How many lobes does the left lung have?
Definition
2
Term
Lung tissue is very?
Definition
elastic
Term
What is the functional units of lungs?
Definition
Alveoli
Term
Each lung is made up of millions of?
Definition
Alveoli
Term
The alveoli are the site of
Definition
Gas exchange
Term
What surrounds the alveolus?
Definition
Pulmonary capillaries which allows gas exchange
Term
What is pulmonary ventilation?
Definition
Movement of air into and out of the lungs
Term
What are the two phases of pulmonary ventilation?
Definition
Inhalation & exhalation
Term
What does ventilation depend on?
Definition
Respiratory muscles

The diaphragm, external intercostals and internal intercostals
Term
What does compliance mean?
Definition
The capacity of the lungs to expand and contract

Surface tension and elastic recoil
Term
What does inhalation mean?
Definition
The active phase of breathing
Term
During inhalation the diaphragm and the external?
Definition
intercostals contract making the the thoracic cavity larger

Air is drawn into the lungs
Term
What does exhalation mean?
Definition
Passive phase of breathing
Term
During exhalation the diaphragm and the external?
Definition
intercostals relax making the thoracic cavity smaller

Air is expelled from the lungs
Term
What is in the room air we inhale?
Definition
21% O2 and 0.04% CO2
Term
What is in the room air we exhale?
Definition
16% O2 and 4.5 CO2
Term
What is gas exchange?
Definition
The movement of O2 and CO2
Term
External exchange of gases happens at?
Definition
The level of the alveolar membrane and the pulmonary capillary membrane
Term
During the external gas exchange the alveolar membrane is?
Definition
Moist allowing O2 to diffuse from the air in the alveoli into the bloodstream and CO2 to diffuse from the bloodstream into the air in the alveoli
Term
During internal Internal exchange of gases happens at the level of?
Definition
The cells in the body tissues and the capillary membrane
Term
O2 diffuses from the bloodstream into the cells and?
Definition
CO2 diffuses from the cells to the bloodstream
Term
Almost all O2 is transported bound?
Definition
To hemoglobin
Term
Oxygenated blood is 97%
Definition
Saturated with O2
Term
Deoxygenated blood is 70%?
Definition
Saturated with O2
Term
CO2 is produced by?
Definition
Cell respiration
Term
Most CO2 is transported by blood as?
Definition
Bicarbonate ion
Term
CO2 is the acid component in?
Definition
Blood gases
Term
What regulates respiration?
Definition
Nervous control: Medulla oblongata
Term
What is the medulla oblongata?
Definition
Respiratory center that control the rate and depth of breathing

Phrenic nerve (a branch of the vagus nerve)
Term
What is the phrenic nerve?
Definition
A branch of the vagus nerve
Term
What is chemical control?
Definition
Respiration is driven by the level of CO2 in blood

Hypercapnea triggers ventialation
Term
O2 level also play a role in triggering ventilation but?
Definition
Blood O2 levels must be very low in order for that to occur
Term
What does eupnea mean?
Definition
Normal quiet breathing 16 breaths/minute
Term
What does tidal volume mean?
Definition
The volume of air that moves into and out of the lungs during eupnea ~ 500 ml
Term
What does residual volume mean?
Definition
The volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum exhalation ~ 1200 ml
Term
What does inspiratory reserve volume mean?
Definition
The volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled after normal inhalation
Term
What does expiratory reserve volume mean?
Definition
The volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after normal exhalation
Term
What does vital capacity mean?
Definition
The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled following maximal inhalation
Term
What does hyperventilation mean?
Definition
Rapid deep respiration
Term
What does hypoventilation mean?
Definition
Slow shallow breathing
Term
What does tachypnea mean?
Definition
Rapid resipiration
Term
What does apnea mean?
Definition
Period of absense of respiration
Term
What does dyspnea mean?
Definition
Difficult breathing/labored breathing
Term
What does orthopnea mean?
Definition
Difficulty in breathing that is relieved by sitting up
Term
What does atelectasis mean?
Definition
Collapse of a lung or part of a lung
Term
What are some effects of aging?
Definition
Loss of lung compliance
Diminished elastic recoil
Decreased respiratory muscle strength
Chest wall compliance decrease

Decline in efficiency of protective mechanisms
Structural changes
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