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A.Shaker GI Quiz 4
Semester 2
155
Nursing
Professional
03/29/2015

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Term
What is the GI tract
Definition
Tube like structure that extends from the mouth to the anus
Term
What are accessory organs
Definition
Organs which are necessary for the digestion but are not part of the GI tract
Term
What are the accessory organs
Definition
Salivary glands
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas
Term
What layer is the wall of the GI tract Mucosa
Definition
Innermost layer
Term
What is mucous membrane
Definition
Goblet cells that make mucous
Term
What does the mucosa protect
Definition
Underlying tissues
Term
Wall of the GI tract mucosa has many what
Definition
Many secretory cells (digestive juices) are found in the mucosa
Term
What are secretory cells
Definition
Digestive juices
Term
What is the wall of the GI tract sub mucosa
Definition
Connective tissue
Term
What does the sub mucosa contain
Definition
Contains blood vessels and nerves
Term
In the small intestine the sub mucosa
Definition
contains many mucous secreting glands
Term
What is the wall of the GI tract Muscle
Definition
Smooth muscle
Term
Most of the GI tract has two layers of smooth
Definition
muscle
Term
Wall of the GI tract muscle has what type of inner layer
Definition
Fibers that are arranged in a circular pattern (contraction narrows the lumen)
Term
Wall of the GI tract muscle has what type of outer layer
Definition
Fibers that are arranged in a longitudinal pattern (contraction makes the GI tract shorter
Term
The combination of the contraction of both muscle layers produce
Definition
Peristalsis
Term
The stomach has an extra layer because
Definition
It helps to strengthen it and help it with mixing food and digestive enzymes
Term
The stomach has how many layers
Definition
Total of 3
Term
What is the wall of the GI tract serosa
Definition
Visceral layer of the peritoneum is part of the wall of the GI tract
Term
The esophagus is covered with what type of connective tissue
Definition
Fibrous connective tissue
Term
What are the peritoneal membranes
Definition
They form a large, flat, folder structure that helps anchor the digestive organs
Term
What does peritoneal membranes contain
Definition
Contains blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves
Term
The peritoneal membranes separates the abdominal cavity into
Definition
Compartments which helps to restrict the spread of infection
Term
What are the functions of the mouth
Definition
Ingestion
Mastication
Deglutition
Term
What are the structures of the mouth
Definition
Soft and hard palete
Maxillae
Mandible
Term
What is the tongue
Definition
Muscular organ achored by the frenulam to the floor of the mouth
Term
What anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth
Definition
The frenulam
Term
What are the functions of the tongue
Definition
Taste buds
Helps with chewing
Swallowing and speech
Term
The tongue capillary bed is
Definition
Sublingual
Term
What are the salivary glands
Definition
Three pairs, Parotid, submandibular and sublingual
Term
The saliva secreted from the salivary glands does what
Definition
Moistens food which helps with mastication and deglutition

Helps to keep mouth and teeth clean....lysozyme

Amylase converts starch to sugar
Term
Mastication is
Definition
chewing is the process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth
Term
Deglutition is
Definition
the action or process of swallowing
Term
What is the teeth made out of
Definition
Dentin
Term
The crown projects above the gum and is covered with
Definition
Enamel
Term
The root is under the gum line and anchors the tooth
Definition
In the jaw
Term
Over the course of a lifetime a person will have
Definition
two sets of teeth
Term
Deciduous teeth (baby teeth) how many
Definition
20
Term
Permanent teeth how many
Definition
32
Term
What is the pharynx
Definition
Common passageway for respiratory and GI systems
Term
Another definition of deglutition would be
Definition
The tongue pushes a bolus of food mixed with saliva into the pharynx
Term
The uvula is an extension of
Definition
The palete
Term
What closes the naso pharyx during swallowing
Definition
The uvula
Term
The epiglottis covers the larynx during
Definition
swallowing
Term
What is the esophagus
Definition
Muscular tube about 10 incehes long
Term
The esophagus moves food how
Definition
Mixed with mucus by peristalsis into the stomach
Term
The food in the esophagus travels through
Definition
The esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm before it reaches the stomach
Term
What does churn mean?
Definition
End of mechanical digestion
Term
HCL stands for
Definition
Hydroclhoric acid
Term
What does HCL begin in the stomach
Definition
Begins digestion of protein
Term
What is pepsin
Definition
Enzyme that contributes to digestion of protein
Term
Where is the stomach located
Definition
LUQ directly under the heart
Term
What is the shape of the stomach
Definition
J shaped
Term
The stomach has two sphincters named what
Definition
Cardiac sphincter
Pyloric sphincter
Term
Which sphincter is at the entrance of the stomach
Definition
Cardiac
Term
Which sphincter is at the end of the stomach
Definition
Pyloric
Term
At the junction of the esophagus and stomach there is the
Definition
Cardiac sphincter
Term
Between the stomach and small intestine there is the
Definition
Pyloric sphincter
Term
What does pyrosis mean
Definition
Heartburn
Term
What is a pyloric stenosis
Definition
Cant open all the way
Causes projectile vomiting
Term
Two layers of the stomach are
Definition
Circular and longitudial
Term
The 3rd layer of the stomach is a
Definition
Churn
Term
What is the name of the extra layer of the stomach
Definition
Oblique
Term
The stomach has folds when empty called
Definition
Rugae
Term
Rugae helps with
Definition
Expansion
Term
What are gastric pits
Definition
Gastric pits are indentations in the stomach which denote entrances to the tubular shaped gastric glands. They are deeper in the pylorus than they are in the other parts of the stomach. The human stomach has several million of these pits which dot the surface of the lining epithelium.
Term
What do goblet cells make
Definition
Mucus
Term
Parietal cells make what
Definition
HCL and intrinsic factor
Term
What are secretions of the gastric pits called
Definition
Gastric juice
Term
What controls activity of the stomach
Definition
Vagus nerve
Term
Food leaves the stomach as what
Definition
Chyme (Highly acidic)
Term
Where does the chyme leave the stomach
Definition
The pyloric sphincter and enters the small intestine
Term
Why is the small intestine called small
Definition
Due to the 1 inch diameter
Term
The small intestine is the longest part
Definition
of the digestive tract
Term
How long is the small intestine
Definition
20 feet log and about 1 inch in diameter
Term
What type of lining is in the small intestine
Definition
Folded
Term
What does the small intestine have inside
Definition
Millions of finger like projections called villi
Term
What does the villi in the small intestine accomplish
Definition
Increases the surface area for absorption
Term
Each villus contains blood
Definition
capillaries and a lacteal
Term
What is a lacteal in the small intestine and what does it do
Definition
lymph capillaries and absorbs fat from the small intestine
Term
What is the shape of the duodenum
Definition
C shaped
Term
What does the duodenum receive from the stomach
Definition
Chyme
Term
What does the duodenum receive from the liver and pancreas
Definition
Digestive secretions
Term
The duodenum has many mucous secreting glands to protect it from what
Definition
The acidic chyme
Term
Most digestion and absorption take place where
Definition
Deodenum
Term
How long is the jejunum of the small intestine
Definition
8 feet long
Some digestion and absorption take place in the jejunum
Term
How long is the ilium
Definition
It is about 12 feet long
Term
Where does the ilium end
Definition
Ends at the ileocecal valve
Term
The ilium has peyers
Definition
patches
Term
What are the enzymes secreted by the small intestines
Definition
Lactase
Sucrase
Maltase
Peptidases
Term
Pepitadases is
Definition
Protein
Term
Enzymes secreted by the pancreas include
Definition
Pancreatic amylase
Pancreatic lipase
Proteolytic enzymes: trypsin and chymotrypsin

Bile secreted by the liver
Term
What are peyers patches
Definition
Clusters of lymphoid tissue in the distal portion of the ileum
Term
What are the function of peyers patches
Definition
To protect the small intestine from normal flora which is found in the large intestine
Term
The large intestine is how long
Definition
5 feet long and 2.5 inchs in diameter
Term
Where does the large intestine start
Definition
Begins at the ileocecal valve and ends at the anus
Term
What type of wall is formed in the large intestine
Definition
A series of pouches with creases (tinae coli)
Term
What is the cecum in the large intestine
Definition
Receives material from the ileum
The vermiform appendix
Term
Where is the ascending colon in the large intestine
Definition
Located on the right side of the abdominal cavity
Term
The ascending colon extends from what to what
Definition
The cecum to the hepatic flexure
Term
What does the transverse colon of the large intestine extend from
Definition
Across the abdomen from the hepatic flexure to the splenic flexure
Term
What is the descending colon of the large intestine located
Definition
On the left side of the abdomen
Term
Where does the descending colong of the large intestine extend from
Definition
From the splenic flexure tot eh sigmoid flexure
Term
Where does the sigmoid colon of the large intestine start
Definition
Starts at the sigmoid flexure and empties into the rectum
Term
What is the sigmoid colon of the large intestine shape
Definition
S shaped segment which bends posteriorly
Term
The rectum is the last
Definition
15 cm of the large intestine
Term
The rectum stores
Definition
Fecal matter
Term
The anal canal is the last portion
Definition
Of the rectum in the large intestine
Term
The internal anal sphincter of the anal canal is
Definition
Involuntary
Term
The external anal sphincter of the anal is
Definition
Voluntary
Term
What are the functions of the large intestine
Definition
Absorption of water
Absorption of bile salts

Stores waste

Defacation
Term
What does normal flora in the large intestine produce
Definition
Vitamin K
Biotin
Vitamin B5
Term
Where is the pancreas located
Definition
Located posterior to the stomach in the upper L quadrant LUQ
Term
What type of enzymes does the pancreas produce
Definition
Pancreatic enzymes

Amylase
Lipase
Trypsin and Chymotrypsin
Term
The pancreas produces sodium
Definition
Bicarbonate
Term
Where does secretions travel through in the pancreas
Definition
The pancreatic duct which joins the common bile duct and empties into the deodenum
Term
The liver is the largest
Definition
Gland
Term
Where is the liver located
Definition
RUQ
Term
The liver has two lobes
Definition
Right and left
Term
Where does the liver receive blood
Definition
From the GI tract and spleen by the hepatic portal vein
Term
The liver stores what
Definition
Glycogen
Vitamins and iron
Term
The liver stores what type of vitamins
Definition
Fat soluble ADEK and a bit of B vitamins
Term
The liver does the synthesis of
Definition
Plasma proteins (albumin and clotting factors)
Term
The liver destroys
Definition
Old RBC's
Term
The liver detoxifies
Definition
Harmful substances
Term
The liver does what to lipids
Definition
Modifies lipids to enhance their use by cells
Term
The liver also does the synthesis or urea and of bile
Definition
Why is bile needed
Term
Why is bile needed
Definition
For the digestion of lipids
Term
Bile does what to fat
Definition
Emulsify fat
Term
What does emulsify mean
Definition
Means break up into small droplets
Term
What is the color of bile
Definition
Green secretion
Term
What is the gall bladder
Definition
Muscular sac/pouch on the inferior surface of the liver which stores bile
Term
Bile is made by liver and it flows
Definition
Into the hepatic ducts
Term
Bile travels via the cystic duct to the
Definition
Gall bladder
Term
The gall bladder absorbs water from
Definition
Bile
Term
When chyme enters the duodenum the gall bladder contracts and sends
Definition
Bile through the cystic duct to the common bile duct to the duodenum
Term
What are enzymes
Definition
Protein catalysts that speed up the reactions involved in digestion
Term
Carb digestion starts with what
Definition
In the mouth with salivary amylase

Continues with pancreatic amylase and

Lactase digests lactose into glucose and galactose
Term
Maltase does what
Definition
Digests maltose into two glucose + fructose
Term
The end product of starch(carb)
Definition
Digestion is monosaccharides
Term
protein digestion starts with
Definition
HCL and pepsin
Term
Protein digestion after the start with HCL and pepsin continues in
Definition
Small intestine with trypsin and chymotrypsin from the pancreas and peptidases secreted by the small intestine
Term
The end product of protein digestion is
Definition
Amino acids
Term
Fat digestion starts in the
Definition
Small intestines
Term
In fat digestion bile does what
Definition
Emulsify fat
Term
In fat digestion lipase from the pancreas digests bile into
Definition
Fatty acids and glycerol
Term
The end product of fat digestion is
Definition
Fatty acids and glycerol
Term
The parasympathetic stimulation (vagus nerve) increases the production of digestive secretions and does what else
Definition
Increases motility of the GI tract
Term
The parasympathetic stimulation occurs due to
Definition
Sight and smell of food
Stomach distention
Term
Sympathetic stimulation leads to a decrease in the production of
Definition
Digestion secretions and decreases motility of the GI tract
Term
The small intestines absorb what
Definition
Digested starch, protein and lipids
Term
The large intestine absorb what
Definition
Water vitamins and minerals
Term
What is defecation
Definition
Spinal reflex initiated by the presence of fecal matter in the rectum
Term
For defecation to occur both sphincter internal and external must
Definition
Relax
Term
When aging you get decreased production of intrinsic factor which may lead to
Definition
Pernicious anemia
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