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A&P chem
ch2 test1
26
Biology
Undergraduate 3
08/29/2012

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Term
water molecules form what type of bond with eachother?
Definition
hydrogen bond
Term
substances that readily dissolve in water are called...
Definition
hydrophilic substances
Term
ions and polar molecules are...
Definition
hydrophilic
Term
Ionic substances such as sodium chloride dissolve in water because...
Definition
water molecules are attracted to the positive or negative charge of each ion
Term
polar substances such as urea dissolve in water because...
Definition
their molecules form hydrogen bonds with the surrounding water molecules
Term
An ion is...
Definition
an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons
Term
substances that do NOT dissolve in water are called...
Definition
hydrophobic substances
Term
uncharged, nonpolar molecules are...
Definition
hydrophobic
Term
hydrophobic molecules are also...
Definition
lipophilic
Term
hydrophilic molecules are also...
Definition
lipophobic
Term
Amphipathic molecules are...
Definition
polar AND nonpolar - they have a distinct polar region and a distince nonpolar region - making them hydrophobic and lipophobic
Term
All cells are made from the same building blocks:
Definition
carbohydrates
proteins
nucleic acids
lipids
Term
macromolecules
Definition
large molecules composed of hundreds to thousands of atoms
Term
proteins, nucleic acids, and complex carbohydrates are typically...
Definition
very large
Term
lipids are relatively ??? molecules, but they associate to form ??? macromolecular structures such as lipid membranes and liposomes
Definition
small, large
Term
polymer
Definition
a large molecule composed of many smaller, simpler subunits (monomers) joined by covalent bonds
Term
monomers
Definition
simpler subunits of polymers
Term
Amino acids, nucleotides, and monosaccharides (simple sugars) are examples of...
Definition
monomers
Term
peptides or oligopeptides, oligonucleotides, and oligosaccharides are examples of...
Definition
simple polymers
Term
polypeptides (proteins), nucleic acid, and polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates) are examples of...
Definition
complex polymers (macromolecules)
Term
membranes are formed by...
Definition
lipids
Term
In a chemical reaction...
new bonds may be ???
existing bonds may be ???
Definition
formed, broken
Term
Chemical reactions involve energy changes. Forming new bonds requires energy. Breaking bonds releases energy. The energy stored in a bond is referred to as ???
Definition
chemical energy
Term
Reactions may be classified as exergonic or endergonic.
??? reactions release energy
??? reactions require an input of energy
Definition
Exergonic
Endergonic
Term
Cells often use the energy from an exergonic reaction to drive an ??? reaction
Definition
Cells often use the energy from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction
Term
Cells often use the energy from an ??? reaction to drive an endergonic reaction
Definition
Cells often use the energy from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction
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