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A&P 2 Lab pgs6-9
digestive system 2
46
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/26/2013

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Term
peritoneal cavity
Definition
the abdominal cavity; filled with a variety of organs
Term
parietal peritoneum
Definition
shiny, serous membrane which lines the abdominal walls
Term
visceral peritoneum
Definition
serous membrane covering the viscera
Term
liver (hepar)
Definition
just caudal to the dome-shaped diaphragm; consists of 5 lobes
Term
central tendon
Definition
center portion of the diaphragm
Term
falciform ligament
Definition
thin, transparent sheet which passes between the diaphragm and liver; divides the liver into a right half and left half
Term
round ligament
Definition
a slight thickening which is observable on the free (i.e. ventral) edge of the falciform ligament; remnant of the embryonic umbilical vein
Term
right medial lobe of the liver
Definition
large lobe to the right of the falciform ligament; contains the gall bladder
Term
gall bladder
Definition
temporary storage area for bile, and an area where bile is concentrated
Term
right lateral lobe of the liver
Definition
dorsal and slightly lateral to the right medial lobe of the liver
Term
left medial lobe of the liver
Definition
lobe to the left of the falciform ligament
Term
left lateral lobe of the liver
Definition
lateral to the left lobe of the liver
Term
lesser omentum
Definition
thin, mostly transparent mesentery extending from the liver to the stomach and the first part of the small intestine
Term
caudate lobe of the liver
Definition
small lobe of the liver which can be seen just dorsal to the lesser omentum
Term
stomach
Definition
j-shaped organ lying mainly in the left part of the peritoneal cavity; the opening from the esophagus to this organ is called the cardiac orifice
Term
greater curvature
Definition
large caudal margin of the stomach
Term
lesser curvature
Definition
smaller cranial margin of the stomach; part of the lesser omentum attaches along this curvature
Term
fundus
Definition
dome-shaped, cranial portion of the stomach found to the left of the cardiac orifice area
Term
corpus (body)
Definition
large part of the stomach
Term
pyloric region
Definition
the narrow caudal part of the stomach
Term
pyloric valve
Definition
muscular ring at the juction of the stomach and first part of the small intestine; the actual opening between the two organs is called pylorus
Term
rugae
Definition
longitudinal ridges on the inner surface of the stomach
Term
spleen (lien)
Definition
relatively large organ to the left and caudal to the stomach; part of the circulatory system
Term
greater omentum
Definition
large mesentery that attaches along the greater curvature of the stomach and extends out over the intestines; contains a large quantity of fat
Term
gastrosplenic ligament
Definition
specific part of the greater omentum between the stomach and the spleen
Term
omental bursa
Definition
large portion of the greater omentum which drapes down over the intestines; consists of ventral and dorsal walls
Term
lesser peritoneal cavity
Definition
space between the ventral and dorsal walls of the omental bursa
Term
hepatic ducts
Definition
carry bile from various parts of the liver
Term
cystic duct
Definition
duct leading away from the gall bladder which unites with the hepatic duct(s)
Term
common bile duct
Definition
duct which continues drom the union of the hepatic ducts and the cystic duct to the first region of the small intestine
Term
duodenum
Definition
first portion of the small intestine; continues from the pyloric region of the stomach and is roughly U-shaped; it passes caudally for about 3 to 4 inches, then doubles back on itsel
Term
jejunum
Definition
second portion of the small intestine; continues from the duodenum; the cranial half of the postduodenal small intestine
Term
ileum
Definition
third part of the small intestine which runs between the jejunum and the large intestine; the caudal half of the postduodenal small intestine
Term
mesoduodenum
Definition
mesentery which supports the duodenum; encloses a large portion of the pancreas
Term
mesentery
Definition
technical term for the mesentery which suspends both the jejunum and the ileum
Term
villi
Definition
fingerlike projections on the inside of the small intestine; increase absorption area and secretory area of the small intestine
Term
pancreas
Definition
lobulated organ having two major portions; one part is adjacent to the descending part of the duodenum lying in the mesoduodenum; the other part extends across to the spleen and lies in a portion of the omental bursa
Term
pancreatic duct (duct of Wirsung)
Definition
the major duct draining the pancreas of its exocrine secretions
Term
ampulla of Vater (hepatopancreatic ampulla)
Definition
slightly raised area on the duodenum where the pancreatic duct and common bile duct unite
Term
cecum
Definition
short, blind outgrowth of the large intestine extending caudally from the juction of the ileum and colon; in humans, the vermiform appendix extends from this
Term
ileocecal sphincter (ileocalic sphincter)
Definition
muscular end of the ileum which projects into the large intestine; it regulates the passage of materials from the small intestine to the large intestine and prevents colic material from passing back into the small intestine
Term
ascending colon
Definition
portion of the large intestine on the right side of the abdomen which continues from the cecum
Term
transverse colon
Definition
portion of the large intestine which crosses to the left side of the abdominal cavity
Term
descending colon
Definition
portion of the large intestine which extends caudally back to the pelvic canal
Term
rectum
Definition
terminal portion of the large intestine
Term
anus
Definition
opening of the large intestine to the exterior
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