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A&P Lab Lab 15
Important Muscles I
21
Physiology
Undergraduate 2
09/29/2008

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Term
Masseter
Definition
Origin: Zygomatic arch and Maxilla

Insertion: Angle and ramus of mandible


Action: Close jaw and elevates mandible
Term
Temporalis
Definition
Origin: Temporal fossa

Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible

Action: Close jaw, retracts mandible
Term
Platysma
Definition
Origin: Fascia of chest (over pectoral and deltoids).

Insertion: Lower margin of mandible, skin, and muscle at corner of mouth.

Action: Depresses mandible, pulls lower lip back and down.
Term
Digastric
Definition
Origin: Lower margin of mandible (anterior belly( and mastoid process (posterior belly).

Insertion: connective tissue loop to hyoid bone.

Action: Acting in concert, elevate hyoid bone, open mouth and depress mandible.
Term
Pectoralis Major
Definition
Origin:Clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6. Aponeurosis of external oblique muscle.
Insertion: Fibers converge to insert by short tendon into the inter tubercular sulcus of humerus.

Action: Prime arm flexor adducts, medially roates arm. Arm fixed pulls chest upward (inspiration).
Term
Serratus Anterior
Definition
Origin: Lateral aspect of ribs 1-8

Insertion: Vertebral border of anterior surface of scapula.

Action: Moves scapula forward toward chest wall. Rotates scapula causing inferior angle to move laterally and upward, abduction and raising of arm.
Term
Deltoid
Definition
Origin: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula.

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action: Prime mover of arm abduction and raising of arm. Can aid in flexion and extension and rotation of humerus.
Term
Pectoralis Minor
Definition
Origin: Anterior surfance of ribs 3-5 near their costal cartilages.

Insertion: coracoid process of scapula.

Action: With ribs fixed, draws scapula forward and inferior; with scapula fixed draws rib cage superior.
Term
External Intercostals
Definition
Origin: Inferior border of rib

Insertion: Superior border of rib below.

Action: Pulls ribs toward one another to elevate rib cage. Aids in inspiration.
Term
Internal Intercoastals
Definition
Origin: Superior border of rib below

Insertion Inferior border of rib above

Action: Draws ribs together to depress rib cage; aids in forced expiration; antagonistic to external intercoastals.
Term
Rectus Abdominis
Definition
Origin:Pubic crest and symphysis

Insertion: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7

Action: Flexes rotates vertebral column. Increases abdominal pressure, fixes and depresses ribs. Stabilizes pelvis during walking.
Term
External Oblique
Definition
Origin: Anterior sufance of last 8 ribs.

Insertion: Linea alba, pubic crest and tubercles and iliac crest.

Action: Aids in muscles of back in trunk rotation and lateral flexion use in oblique curls. Also jobs of the rectus abdominis.

Action:
Term
Internal Oblique
Definition
Origin: Lumbar fascia, iliaic crest and the inguinal ligament.

Insertion: linia alba, pubic crest, cartilages of last 3 ribs.

Action: As for external obliques: Aids in muscles of back in trunk rotation and lateral flexion use in oblique curls. Also jobs of the rectus abdominis.
Term
Transversus Abdominis
Definition
Origin: Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, cartilages of last 5-6 ribs, lumbar fasica.

Insertion: Linea alba and public crest

Action: Compresses abdominal contents.
Term
Trapezius
Definition
Origin: Pccipital bone, ligamentum nuchaw, spines of C7 and all thoraic vertebrae.

Insertion: Acromion and spinous process of scapula, lateral third of clavicle.

Action: Extends head, raises rotates and retracts scapula and stabilizes it, superior fibers elevate scapula, inferior fibers depresses.
Term
Intraspinatus
Definition
Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula.

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: lateral rotation of humerus, helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity, stabilizes shoulder.
Term
Teres Minor
Definition
Origin: :ateral margin of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: lateral rotation of humerus, helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity, stabilizes shoulder.
Term
Teres Major
Definition
Origin: Posterior surface at inferior angle of scapula.

Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus.

Action: Extends, medially rotates, and adducts humerus, synergist of latissimus dorsi.
Term
Supraspinatus
Definition
Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Assists abduction of humerus, stabilizes shoulder joint.
Term
Levator scapulae
Definition
Origin: Transverse processes of C1-C4

Insertion: Medial border of scpula superior to spine.

Action: Elevates and adducts scapular, fixed scapula, flexes neck to the same side.
Term
Rhomboids Major/Minor
Definition
Origin: Spinous processes of C7, T1-T5.

Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Action: Pulls scapula medially stabilizes scapular, rotates glenoid cavity downward.
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