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A&P 2 - Taste, Smell, and Endocrine Quiz 3
n/a
60
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
02/08/2012

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Term
Taste is related to
Definition
smell
Term
The specific receptor for taste is
Definition
gustatory
Term
The pathway for gustatory response includes (3)
Definition
1. Cn VII (facial nerve)
2. CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)
3. CN X (vagus nerve)
Term
Where/how do taste impulses travel?
Definition
they travel to the thalamus then to the sensory cortex of the cerebrum
Term
What digestive reflexes does taste trigger?
Definition
gagging
vomiting
saliva production
enzyme production
gastric juices
Term
What are 3 kinds of gastric juices?
Definition
1. mucin
2. pepsinogen
3. HCl
Term
What % of taste is due to smell?
Definition
80%
Term
The mouth contains receptors for..
Definition
temperature
texture
pain
Term
How many taste buds does the tongue contain?
Definition
10,000
Term
What gives the tongue its rough feel?
Definition
papillae
Term
How often are taste buds replaced?
Definition
every 7 to 10 days
Term
What is the tongue anchored to?
Definition
the hyoid bone
Term
What is the solvent for taste?
Definition
saliva
Term
What taste sensations are sweet?
Definition
carbohydrates
alcohol
amino acids
lead salts
Term
What taste sensations are salty?
Definition
metal ions
inorganic salts
Term
What taste sensations are sour?
Definition
acids
H+
Term
What taste sensations are bitter?
Definition
alkaloids including:
quinine
caffeine
nicotine
morphine
strychnine

non-alkaloids
aspirin
Term
What taste sensations are umami?
Definition
delicious including:
beef
cheese
MSG
proteins
Term
What is smell stimulated by?
Definition
olfactory receptors
Term
What type of epithelium is olfactory epithelium?
Definition
pseudostratified columnar
Term
Where is olfactory epithelium located?
Definition
on the roof of the nasal cavity (poor position for its job)
Term
What kind of neurons are olfactory receptor cells?
Definition
bipolar neurons
Term
What is the solvent for smell?
Definition
mucus
Term
What is the lifespan of olfactory receptor cells?
Definition
60 days
Term
The olfactory receptor cells are one of the few types of neurons to do what?
Definition
undergo turnover throughout their adult lives
Term
In order to be smelled, the odorant must be in what state?
Definition
the gaseous state
Term
The mechanism of smell involves...
Definition
the opening of Na+ and Ca+ channels
Term
Where is smell interpreted?
Definition
in the frontal lobe of the cerebrum
Term
Filaments of the ________ go through the _________ (______ bone) before forming the _______.
Definition
olfactory nerve
cribriform plate
ethmoid
olfactory bulb
Term
Disorders of smell can be due to...
Definition
head injury
head inflammation
aging
decrease in the mineral zinc
Term
What are the organs of the endocrine system called?
Definition
glands
Term
Where does the endocrine gland secrete hormones?
Definition
into the bloodstream
Term
Where does the exocrine gland secrete hormones?
Definition
into the ducts
Term
Chemicals of the system are called _______ which are _____ or ______ based
Definition
hormones
lipid
protein
Term
Where is the pineal gland located?
Definition
above the corpora quadrigemina
Term
Where is the pituitary gland located?
Definition
attached to the hypothalamus
Term
Where is the thyroid located?
Definition
below the larynx
Term
Where is the parathyroid located?
Definition
on the posterior surface of the thyroid
Term
Where is the thymus located?
Definition
in the mediastinal (center) region of the chest
Term
Where is the pancreas located?
Definition
posterior to the stomach
Term
Where are the adrenal glands located?
Definition
superior to the kidneys
Term
What are the names of the 2 gonads?
Definition
testes in males
ovaries in females
Term
Where are the testes located?
Definition
in the scrotum
Term
Where are the ovaries located?
Definition
in the pelvic cavity
Term
What are the 2 regions the pituitary gland is divided into?
Definition
1. neurohypophysis(posterior pituitary)
2. adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)
Term
What is the job of the hypothalamus?
Definition
It produces the hormones of the neurohypophysis and regulates the hormones of the adenohypophysis
Term
Thyroxine comes from what kind of cells?
Definition
simple cuboidal epithelium
Term
Calcitonin comes from what kind of cells?
Definition
parafolicular cells
Term
Insulin comes from what kind of cells?
Definition
beta cells in the islets of langerhans
Term
Glucagon comes from what kind of cells?
Definition
alpha cells in the islets of langerhans
Term
Acinar cells function in...
Definition
digestive processes
Term
What hormones does the zona glomerulosa produce?
Definition
mineralcorticoids
Term
What hormones does the zona fasciculata produce?
Definition
glucocorticoids
Term
What hormones does the zona reticularis produce?
Definition
androgens
Term
What hormones does the medulla produce?
Definition
adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
Term
What hormones do the ovaries produce?
Definition
estrogen and progesterone
Term
What hormones does the testes produce?
Definition
testosterone
Term
Where do the testes produce testosterone?
Definition
from the interstitial cells
Term
Where do the ovaries produce estrogen?
Definition
from the graafian follicle
Term
Where do the ovaries produce progesterone?
Definition
from the corpus luteum
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