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A&D 2010: Mycobacteria
Mycobacteria
18
Medical
Professional
01/27/2007

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Term
Treatment for tuberculosis
Definition
* Isoniazid
* Rifampin
* Ethambutol

Mnemonic: Get irate about tuberculosis; treat it with IRE.
Term
Rifampin mechanism of action and side effects
Definition
* Inhibit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNA pol II)
* Induce CYP
Term
Isoniazid mechanism of action and side effects
Definition
* Inhibit mycolic acid synthesis
* Hepatic and peripheral nerve toxicity
Term
Ethambutol mechanism of action and side effects
Definition
* Inhibit mycolic acid synthesis
* Ocular toxicity (red-green issues)
Term
Common etiological agent of chronic unilateral adenitis in children
Definition
Mycobacterium avium complex
Term
Effect of Mycobacterium avium complex on patients with AIDS
Definition
Bloodstream infections
Term
Treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex
Definition
* Azithromycin
* Rifampin-like drugs
Term
Organs affected by M. leprae
Definition
Cold surfaces:
* Peripheral nerves
* Skin
* Mucous membranes
Term
Which mycobacterial disease is known to affect armadillos?
Definition
Leprosy (M. leprae)
Term
Type of immune response to lepromatous leprosy
Definition
Humoral (little cell-mediated response)
Term
Characteristics of lepromatous leprosy
Definition
* Diffuse or nodular lesions
* Sensory loss (due to nerve damage)
* Mostly humoral immune response
* Many acid-fast bacilli (AFBs)
Term
Characteristics of tuberculoid leprosy
Definition
* Few, well defined lesions
* Few acid-fast bacilli (AFBs)
* Mostly cell-mediated immune response
* Spontaneous regression common in children (90%)
Term
Treatment of leprosy
Definition
* Rifampin-like drugs (RNA pol II inhibitors)
* Dapsone (folate synthesis inhibitor)
Term
Characteristics of mycobacteria
Definition
* Acid-fast
* Strict aerobe
* No capsule
* Intracellular survival
* Slow growth
Term
Characteristics of Actinomycetes
Definition
* Gram-positive, weakly acid-fast
* Anaerobic
* Long, branching filaments
* A. israelii is normal mouth flora
Term
Disease characterized by cervicofacial disease, firm nodules, and pus containing sulfur granules. What's it called and how is it treated?
Definition
Actinomycosis; treated with long course of penicillin
Term
Characteristics of Nocardia
Definition
* Gram-positive; weakly acid-fast
* Aerobic
Term
Opportunistic bacterial infection that presents with skin nodules, pneumonia, and brain abscesses. What's it called and how is it treated?
Definition
Nocardia; treat with long course of sulfonamides
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