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A Ch. 29
Digestive
45
Biology
10th Grade
05/05/2009

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Term
Intracellular digestion
Definition
Digestion which takes place within the cytoplasm of the organism, as in many unicellular protozoans
Term
Extracellular digestion
Definition
a process where saprobionts feed by secreting enzymes through the cell membrane onto the food which is in the digestive system spaces
Term
Embryonic development
Definition
is the process by which the embryo is formed and develops
Term
Zygote
Definition
diploid cell formed when the nucleus of a haploid sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of a haploid egg cell
Term
Blastula
Definition
embryonic stage in most animals consisting of a single layer of cells surrounding a hollow cavity
Term
Gastrula
Definition
embryonic stage following the blastula that has an inner and outer cell layer
Term
Single-opening digestive track
Definition
a digestive track in which there is a single opening where food enters and waste exits
Term
Two-opening digestive track
Definition
a digestive track in which there is an opening for food to enter (mouth) and a separate opening where waste exits (anus)
Term
Endoderm h
Definition
layer of cells surrounding a plant's vascular tissue
Term
Mesoderm
Definition
the middle germ layer of a metazoan embryo
Term
Ectoderm
Definition
the outer germ layer in the embryo of a metazoan
Term
GVC (gastrovascular cavity)
Definition
digestive sac that functions in both digestion and the distribution of nutrients to all parts of the body
Term
Mouth
Definition
where food enters the body, starts digestion, saliva moistens and breaks food down while teeth mechanically crush food
Term
Anus
Definition
the opening at the lower end of the alimentary canal, through which the solid refuse of digestion is excreted.
Term
Pharynx (earthworm definition)
Definition
the junction in the throat of the alimentary canal and the trachea
Term
Crop
Definition
sac-like food storage organ found in most birds
Term
Gizzard
Definition
muscular organ, often containing small stones, that grinds seeds and other foods
Term
Green glands (insects)
Definition
one of the pair of excretory organs in each side of the head region of decapod crustaceans, emptying at the base of the antennae
Term
Nutrition
Definition
the process of obtaining raw materials from food
Term
Ingestion
Definition
the act of eating food or drinking; the first stage of food processing
Term
Digestion
Definition
mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into molecules small enough for absorption; the second stage of food processing
Term
Absorption
Definition
uptake of small nutrient molecules; the third stage of food processing
Term
Elimination
Definition
passage of undigested material from the digestive tract; the fourth stage of food processing
Term
Alimentary canal
Definition
digestive tube that extends from the mouth to the anus
Term
Saliva
Definition
liquid secreted into the mouth that contains mucus and digestive enzymes that start chemical digestion
Term
Bolus
Definition
chewed clump of food that leaves the mouth and travels through the alimentary canal
Term
Pharynx (human definition)
Definition
the junction in the throat of the alimentary canal and the trachea
Term
Esophagus
Definition
muscle-encased tube of the alimentary canal between the pharynx and the stomach
Term
Peristalsis
Definition
series of smooth muscle contractions that push food through the alimentary canal
Term
Stomach
Definition
elastic, muscular sac where some chemical and some mechanical digestion take place
Term
Chyme
Definition
liquid mixture of food and stomach fluids released from the stomach into the small intestine
Term
Small intestine
Definition
long, narrow tube where digestion is completed and most absorption occurs
Term
Liver
Definition
largest organ in the body; performs many functions such as producing bile, storing glucose as glycogen, and transforming ammonia to urea
Term
Gallbladder
Definition
organ that stores bile from the liver and releases it into the small intestine
Term
Pancreas
Definition
gland that makes digestive enzymes and secretes them into the small intestine; makes the hormones insulin and glucagon and secretes them into the blood
Term
Villus
Definition
finger-like projection of the inner surface of the small intestine that functions in absorbing nutrients
Term
Large intestine
Definition
portion of the alimentary canal from which water is reabsorbed into the body
Term
Feces
Definition
undigested food material and other waste products that exit the body through the anus
Term
Malnutrition
Definition
condition caused by a diet lacking one or more essential nutrients
Term
Undernutrition
Definition
condition caused by a diet deficient in Calories
Term
Obesity
Definition
condition of being significantly overweight
Term
Anorexia
Definition
eating disorder brought about by an extreme pursuit of thinness characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight loss
Term
Bulimia
Definition
eating disorder characterized by bingeing and purging
Term
small intestine
Definition
long, narrow tube where digestion is completed and most absorption occurs
Term
large intestine
Definition
portion of the alimentary canal from which water is reabsorbed into the body
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