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A Brief Review of the History of Iran
History Exam
32
History
10th Grade
01/31/2010

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Cards

Term
What started in the 9th century?
Definition
- large Twelver Shi'a population
Term
What did the ulema claim to represent?
Definition
- Hidden Imam (disappeared 874)
Term
When did the Abbasids rule?
Definition
- Mid 8th century to mid 13th century
Term
When did the Mongols invade (the Abbasids) and take over?
Definition
- Mid 13th century
Term
When did the Safavids rule and from where did they rule?
Definition
- 1501-1736
- ruled from Tabriz
Term
Sunni Sufi had brotherhood where?
Definition
- Azerbaijan
Term
What year does 7 year old Isma'il succeed brother as head of order?
Definition
- 1494
Term
When does Isma'il claim himself shah?
Definition
- 1510
Term
What does Isma'il forcibly convert Safavids to?
Definition
- Twelver Shi'ism
Term
What does Isma'il do to forcibly convert the Safavids?
Definition
- dissolves Sunni brotherhoods
- Executes resisters
Term
Who was Isma'il supported by?
Definition
- Tenuously by Turkish Qizilbash ("Red-headed ones")
Term
Safavids would periodically fight with who?
Definition
- Ottomans and lose
Term
When did Shah Abbas I rule the Safavids?
Definition
- 1587-1629
Term
Military exapnded where under the Shah Abbas I?
Definition
- To the east and west including Baghdad
Term
What city does Shah Abbas I make the capital?
Definition
- Isfahan which was a huge investment in infrastructure
Term
What did Shah Abbas I put in Isfahan that was such a huge investment?
Definition
- broad avenues
- lush gardens
- lavish mosques
- royal palaces
- luxurious private residences
- huge bazaar
- center of arts, scholarship (poetry, carpet weaving, etc.)
- Population boom: 400K
Term
What did the new standing royal army of the ghulam help do?
Definition
- convert Christian slaves captured in Caucasus
- fight with gunpowder, artillery and muskets
- seized land from tribal leaders
Term
What happened in the 1700's?
Definition
- Afghani cheiftain seized Isfahan and topples Safavids
Term
Who established the Qajar dynasty and when was it established?
Definition
- Fath Ali Shah (Turkish tribal leader)
- 1794
Term
Who did the Qajars nominally rule?
Definition
- Central Iran until 1920s
- not much power
Term
When was oil disovered and who occupied what parts of Iran?
Definition
- 1907-1914
- Russia occupied the North
- UK occupied the South
- Qajar still retained control of area around Tehran
Term
What happened in 1917?
Definition
- USSR pulls out of Iran
- UK invades north for oil
Term
What kind of chaos occurred post WWI?
Definition
- Provinvial nomads rebel vs. Qajars
Term
Who takes power in 1923 and causes UK to leave Iran?
Definition
- Col. Reza Khan
Term
In 1925, Reza Khan establishes his own dynasty and calls himself what?
Definition
- Pahlavi
Term
What does Reza Khan do while in power?
Definition
- Invokes Sasanid language/culture
- De-emphasizes Islam
- Persia becomes Iran
- Stronger cetral government/army
- seeks more proft from Anglo-Persian Oil Co. (10% to 14%)
- direct tax collection
- legal reforms (veil banned, est. secular courts)
- ignores shariyah and adopts roman/french law
Term
What happens with the USSR in 1941?
Definition
- USSR invades N Iran to keep oil from advancing to Germans
- US and UK use Iran as supply route to USSR
Term
Who was Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi (1918-1980)
Definition
- ruled from 1941-79
- takes thron when dad gives up throne
- not trained to be Shah
- Swiss educated, Western tastes (not good)
- out of touch with Iranian life
- Anti-Islam, anti-ulema
Term
What are the Savak?
Definition
– trained, aided by CIA, Mossad (Israeli secret service)
– manipulates elections
– intimidates, suppresses, arrests liberals, intellectuals, supporters
of democracy or genuine Constitutional monarchy
– disappearances, censorship, arrests, exiles, torture, murder
Term
What does the Shah Pahlavi do when in absolute power?
Definition
Dissolves Parliament periodically
• Phony liberalization
– Façade of Constitutional monarchy
– Elections are controlled by Shah
– Two-party system, but they’re all the Shah’s men
• All other parties banned
- Est. Savak
Term
Shah Pahlavi is known as what?
Definition
- Lapdog of the West
- US Puppet
Term
What does the US give Iran?
Definition
- Military training
- equipment
- intelligence support
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