Shared Flashcard Set

Details

9. Thompson Digestive System
BrownMed
38
Business
Undergraduate 3
10/03/2010

Additional Business Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
endocrine activity
Definition
is a function of the digestive tract. enteroendocrine hormones regulate gut motility and its secretions.
Term
all CT and smooth muscle of GI wall is derived from
Definition
splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm
Term
protective mechanisms of the digestive tract
Definition
PATILD = Protective coating containing Antibacterial agents, Tight junctions, Immunological protection via Lymphoid tissue, Detoxification capabilities.
Term
innervation of the digestive tract
Definition
autonomic nervous system, which regulates peristalsis and secretions
Term
mucosa
Definition
epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
Term
serosa
Definition
= visceral peritoneum. covers the parts of the digestive tract within the abdominal cavity and contains a layer of simple squamous cells. it's adventitia without the squamous cells (just CT) - parts that are "fixed" to adjacent tissues, like esophagus and anal canal and retroperitoneal regions.
Term
lower esophagus has
Definition
mucous glands, smooth muscle (striated further up)
Term
submucosa
Definition
contains vascular CT w/ occasional glands near the gastroesophageal junction. innervation is via sympathetic (inhibits motility) and parasympathetic input (stimulates motility).
Term
cardiac notch, angular notch, greater and lesser curvature
Definition
Term
cardiac, fundic/body and pyloric glands
Definition
short pit long gland, half and half, long pit short gland. all covered by simple columnar epithelium
Term
5 types of cells in stomach glands
Definition
surface mucous cells, neck mucous cells, parietal cells, enteroendocrine cells, chief cells
Term
mucus neck cells (stomach)
Definition
may serve as stem cells for gastric epithelium
Term
oxyntic cells
Definition
= parietal cells, in stomach. transport HCl, GIF, HCO3. 40% mitochondria. have microvilli and intracellular canaliculi = tubulovesicle system. eosinophilic BECAUSE have almost no protein, all ion pumping instead.
Term
GIF
Definition
gastric intrinsic factor helps in absorption of vitamin B12, which is required to produce rbcs
Term
mesothelium
Definition
simple squamous cells in serosa
Term
chief cells
Definition
secrete pepsinogen, which is cleaved to pepsin in the acidic lumen; secretion stimulated by secretin. (basophilic = protein)
Term
enteroendocrine cells
Definition
release gastrin paracellularly, which promotes nearby parietal cell activity
Term
functions of small intestine (4)
Definition
neutralize chyme from stomach, immune "surveillance", chemical digestion, (mixing), absorption of nutrients, water, and salts
Term
structure of small intestine
Definition
microvilli brush border! villi, plicae, crypts, elongation. simple columnar epithelium.
Term
enterocytes
Definition
= absorptive cells. make up most of small intestine epithelium.
Term
lacteal
Definition
in the enter of every villus lamina propria in the small intestine
Term
small intestine epithelium
Definition
simple columnar, mostly absorptive cells w/ interspersed goblet cells
Term
what goes in and out of absorptive cells of the small intestine? where does everything end up?
Definition
sodium, water, micelles (sodium only really eliminated through cholera, diarrhea). AA and glucose transporters present. everything eventually goes to capillaries or lacteals.
Term
micelle path through absorptive cell of small intestine
Definition
smooth ER reforms triglycerides, >golgi where glycosylated to form chylomicrons and absorbed via lacteals
Term
what comprises the terminal webs of microvilli
Definition
actin microfilaments
Term
brush border membrane enzymes contribute to digestive breakdown w/ (2)
Definition
proteolytic and disaccharidase activities
Term
secretory product of goblet cells is 80% what
Definition
carbohydrate
Term
paneth cells
Definition
secrete lysozyme and other antimicrobials
Term
villi of small intestine have extensive ______ supply
Definition
capillary
Term
brunner's glands
Definition
distinctive to duodenum, present in submucosa. provide thick alkaline mucous
Term
IgA in small intestine
Definition
secreted by plasma cells, signaled by T cells in GALT which were signaled by macrophage pseudopodia or lymphocytes in M cells. antigen was collected by clathrin coated vesicles at apices of M cells.
Term
submucosa and mucosa undergo folding in the
Definition
jejunum (=plicae or circular folds). (also some in distal duodenum) also shorter crypts than duo
Term
peyer's patches
Definition
only in ileum lamina propria. "leaf-like" villi with most goblet cells in small intestine
Term
no _____ cells in large intestine
Definition
chief or paneth or parietal
Term
difference between esophagus and anus
Definition
anus has large veins in lamina propria for hemorrhoids
Term
argentaffin cells
Definition
= enteroendocrine cells, means "silver-loving"
Term
teniae coli
Definition
bands of smooth muscle on large intestine
Term
appendix has lots of
Definition
lymph follicles
Supporting users have an ad free experience!