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9. Gut embryology
BrownMed
17
Biology
Undergraduate 3
10/08/2010

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Term
GI epithelium and smooth muscle
Definition
endoderm supported by splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm
Term
foregut proper / supplied by
Definition
stomach, proximal duodenum, gall bladder, liver, pancreas / celiac artery
Term
midgut / supplied by
Definition
distal duodenum to 2/3 transverse colon / superior mesenteric artery
Term
hindgut / supplied by
Definition
distal 1/3 transverse colon through rectum / inferior mesenteric artery
Term
stomach - differential growth and rotations
Definition
starting: ventral mesentary ventral, dorsal dorsal, left and right vagal branches left and right. rotation pulls antrum of stomach inferiorly and rotates stomach such that the ventral mesentary is right, dorsal is left, left vagus is ventral, right vagus is dorsal. about 90 degrees.
Term
lesser and great omentum?
Definition
lesser hangs on ventral mesentary on stomach, greater > dorsal
Term
pancreas embryology
Definition
ventral bud swings over and joins dorsal bud, ducts fuse. pancreas develops within the mesentary
Term
pancreas variants
Definition
annular pancreas (ventral bud splits and goes both ways), accessory duct
Term
other than the pancreas, what develops in the ventral and dorsal mesentary?
Definition
v - liver: falciform ligament is most ventral remnant. d - spleen: splenorenal ligament forms most dorsal remnant. hepatogastric and gastrosplenic ligaments in the obvious places.
Term
how do stomach, liver and spleen rotate as they develop?
Definition
start in a straight line ventral to dorsal, end with liver off to the right and spleen off to the left
Term
lesser omentum ~
Definition
hepatogastric ligament area
Term
lesser sac
Definition
behind stomach
Term
greater omentum ~
Definition
descends from gastrosplenic ligament area
Term
omental foramen
Definition
epiploic foramen = only opening to lesser sac
Term
omental bursa
Definition
lesser sac
Term
physiological umbilical herniation and rotations
Definition
this is how the intestines develop. cecal diverticulum moves from lower left up and down again to the lower right. superior mesenteric artery must not rotate along with the intestines.
Term
intestinal variants
Definition
malrotation, meckel's diverticulum (from yolk stalk)
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