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8th Grade - Unit 7
Unit 7 - World War II in America (1941-1945)
36
Social Studies
8th Grade
05/07/2014

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Term
World War I
Definition
Also known as the Great War and/or The War to End All Wars
Term

Benito Mussolini

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Definition
this man formed the Fascist Party in Italy in 1916. By 1929 he had complete control over Italy. Invaded Ethiopia in October 1935
Term
Anschluss
Definition
the reunification of Germany and Austria in 1938
Term

Munich Agreement

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Definition
 in September of 1938, Great Britain and France, eager to avoid another costly war, signed this agreement approving Germany's occupation of the Sudetenland because Hitler promised he wouldn't try to take any more territory.
Term

Sudetenland

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Definition
a German-speaking region of Czechoslovakia
Term

Hirohito

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Definition
Emperor of Japan from 1926-1989
Term
Rape of Nanking
Definition
A six-week period after Japan’s capture of Nanjing—former capital of the Republic of China—in 1937, during which hundreds of thousands of civilians were murdered and 20,000–80,000 women were raped by soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army
Term

Hideki Tojo

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Definition
Japanese army officer and politician who ruled as dictator (1941-1944) during World War II and was executed as a war criminal.
Term

Invasion of Poland

September 1, 1939

Definition
this event prompted Britain and France to declare war on Germany
Term
Axis Powers
Definition
Germany, Italy, and Japan, which were allied before and during World War II.
Term
Allied Powers
Definition
the countries that opposed the Axispowers during the Second World War (1939–1945). (Great Britain and France. United States and Soviet Union (Russia) join in 1941, and Italy in 1943)
Term
Pearl Harbor Attacks
Definition
the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan on December 7th, 1941
Term
Nine Powers Treaty 1922
Definition

In 1922, the world's nine largest naval powers (including Japan and the United States) signed a series of treaties that:

  • limited warship capacity
  • agreed to consult each other in any disputes over China
  • respected the territorial integrity of that nation
certain classes of ships weren't restricted leading to an arms race until the loopholes were closed.
Term
the Flying Tigers
Definition
nickname of U.S. fighter pilots, the American Volunteer Group (AVG), who fought against the Japanese in China during World War II.
Term
embargo
Definition
an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country.
Term

USS Arizona

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Definition
US Battleship that exploded and sank, killing 1,177 officers and crewmen. Unlike many of the other ships sunk or damaged during the attacks at Pearl Harbor, this battleship could not be fully salvaged, though the navy removed parts of the ship for reuse.
Term
Blitzkrieg
Definition
"Lighning War"
Term

Josef Stalin

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Definition
Soviet Union (Russia) leader/dictator
Term
The Battle of the Atlantic
Definition
battle that lasted the duration of the entire war (1939-1945)
Term
Cash and Carry Policy
Definition
  1. It replaced the Neutrality Acts of 1939. The revision allowed the sale of material to belligerents, as long as the recipients arranged for the transport using their own ships and paid immediately in cash, assuming all risk in transportation.
Term
June 22nd, 1940
Definition
month day and year in which France surrenders to Germany
Term
Miracle of Dunkirk
Definition
evacuation, code-named Operation Dynamo, was the evacuation of Allied soldiers from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk, France, between 27 May and 4 June 1940.
Term
armistice
Definition
an agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce.
Term
Luftwaffe
Definition
  1. The Luftwaffe was the aerial warfare branch of the German Wehrmacht during World War II. (Germany's airforce)
Term
The Blitz
Definition

(from German, "lightning") was the period of sustained strategic bombing of the United Kingdom by Nazi Germanyduring the Second World War.

Between 7 September 1940 and 21 May 1941 there were major aerial raids (attacks in which more than 100 tonnes of high explosives were dropped) on 16 British cities. Over a period of 267 days (almost 37 weeks), London was attacked 71 times

Term
Lend-Lease Act
Definition
the matériel and services supplied by the U.S. to its allies during World War II under an act ofCongress passed in 1941: allowed for the purchase of war supplies on credit (to be repaid in kind after the war)
Term
scortched earth policy
Definition
Stalin's military policy in which his troops retreated and intentionally destroyed the land around them
Term
The Battle of Stalingrad
Definition
the biggest, bloodiest conflict on the Eastern front, is widely considered the turning point; by early 1943, the Nazis were in retreat.
Term

Sicily

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Definition

an invasion of this island in the summer of '43 is considered the turning point in the Western theater of WWII.

Retaking this island gave the Allies control of the Mediterranean and prompted the Italian government to remove Mussolini from power.

Term

Dwight D. Eisenhower

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Definition
WWII Army General and future 34th American President (1956-1961)
Term
Holocaust
Definition
the persecution and mass murder of as many 11 million people by the Nazis between 1933 and 1935
Term

Kristallnacht

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Definition

a Nazi pogrom throughout Germany 

and Austria on the night of 

November 9-10, 1938, during 

which Jewswere killed and their property destroyed. Known as "The Nigh of Broken Glass"

Term
The Final Solution
Definition
An order given by Adolf Hitler in the summer of 1941 that called for the systematic elimination of ALL Jewish people in Europe
Term
cremation
Definition
he use of high-temperature burning, vaporization, and oxidation to reduce dead animal or human bodies to basic chemical compounds, such as gases and mineral fragments retaining the appearance of dry bone
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