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8 Adult development and aging, bjorklund
Chapter 8, Personality
32
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
09/02/2012

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Term
Personality
Definition
an enduring set of characteristics that defines our individuality and affects interactions with environment and people
Term
Personality traits
Definition
Patterns of thoughts feelings and behaviors
Term
Freud:Personality traits
Definition
Term
Jung:Personality traits
Definition
Term
Personality factors
Definition
So many personality traits, no possible generalizations. So grouped together
Term
FFM - five factor mode
Definition
A factor analysis of personality
McCrae and Costa: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness
Term
Differential Continuity
Definition
Stability of individual's rank order within a group over time
(do the most extraverted individuals at age 20 remain the most extraverted at 50?)
Term
Mean-level change
Definition
changes in a groups' average scores over time
Term
intra-individual variability
Definition
do the personality traits of an individual remain stable or change over time?
Term
Person-environment transactions
Definition
Caspi :Suggests that individuals' genetic endowment and environmental factors combine to maintain personality traits over adulthood. Can be conscious or unconscious:reactive, evocative, proactive, manipulative
Term
identity (vs. role confusion)
Erikson
Definition
first adult stage of development according to Erikson.
Person must develop a specific set of personal values and goals
Term
intimacy (vs. isolation)
Erikson
Definition
2nd adult stage
The ability to fuse your identity with someone else's without fear that you will lose something of yourself (Evans 1969)
Term
generativity (vs. self-absorption)
Erikson
Definition
Stsge VII (3rd adult stage)
Procreation, productivity, creativity - establishing and guiding next generation. could be mentoring, not parenting
Term
ego integrity (vs. despair)
Erikson
Definition
acceptance of oneself as is. wisdom
Term
defense mechanism
Freud
Definition
Freud's term for a set of normal, unconscious strategies used for dealing with anxiety
Term
gender crossover
Definition
Aging not a loss, but a gain in personal freedom. After parenting over, allowing "other -gender" characteristics to emerge
Term
self-actualization
Definition
Highest level of Maslow's "hierarchy of needs"
Term
peak experiences
Definition
feelings of perfection and momentary separation from self, in unity with universe
Term
positive psychology
Definition
Movement away from fixation on curing or preventing negative conditions, and focus on valued subjective experiences
Term
self-determination theory
Definition
Personality is based on individuals' evolved inner resources for growth and integration. Essential part of human nature
Term
eudaimonia
Definition
a sense of integrity and well-being. Entails basic needs for competence(feeling of effectiveness), autonomy(our actions are our own volition) and relatedness(feeling of being cared about and belonging with others)
Term
hedonia
Definition
happiness that involves the presence of positive feelings and the absence of negative feelings
Term
reactive transactions
Person-environment transactions
Definition
When we react or interpret an experience in a way that is consistent with our personality
Term
evocative transactions
Person-environment transactions
Definition
behaving in a way that elicits reactions from others that confirm our own personality or self -concept. (low self-seteem rejects complements, end up even more convinced they are not valued)
Term
proactive transactions
Person-environment transactions
Definition
When we select roles and environments that best fit our personalities
Term
manipulative transactions
Person-environment transactions
Definition
when we attempt to change our current environment by causing change in the people around us
Term
1. High adaptive level
Valiant levels of Defense mechanism
Definition
Valiant levels of Defense mechanism
Altruism. dealing with stress by helping others
Term
2. Mental Inhibition level
Valiant levels of Defense mechanism
Definition
Valiant levels of Defense mechanism
Repression - expelling problems from conscious awareness
Term
3.Minor image distorting level
Valiant levels of Defense mechanism
Definition
Valiant levels of Defense mechanism
Omnipotence - dealing with stress by glorifying one's accomplishments/belongings
Term
4. Disavowal level
Valiant levels of Defense mechanism
Definition
Valiant levels of Defense mechanism
Denial - refusing to acknowledge that anything bad happened
Term
5. Major image distorting level
Valiant levels of Defense mechanism
Definition
Valiant levels of Defense mechanism
Autistic fantasy -dealing with stress by daydreaming rather than taking action
Term
6. Action level
Valiant levels of Defense mechanism
Definition
Valiant levels of Defense mechanism
help-rejecting, complaining - dealing with stress by complaining, but rejecting offers of help or advice
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