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Definition
| electrons in the highest occupied energy level |
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| diagrams that show valence electrons as dots |
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| in forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas |
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| the ions that are produced when atoms of chorine and other halogens gain electrons |
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| compounds composed of cations and anions |
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| the electrostatic forces that hold ions together in ionic compounds |
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Term
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Definition
| show the kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of a substance |
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| lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound |
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| the number of ions of opposite charge that surround the ion in a crystal |
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Term
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Definition
| consist of the attraction of the free-floating valence electrons for the positively charged metal ions |
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Term
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Definition
| a subject of chemistry that is the calculation of quantities in chemical reactions |
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Definition
| a conversion factor derived from the coefficients of a balanced chemical equation interpreted in terms of moles |
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Definition
| the reagent that determines the amount of product that can be formed by a reaction |
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Term
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| the reactant that is not completely used up in a reaction |
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Definition
| the maximum amount of product that could be formed from given amounts of reactants |
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| the amount of product that actually forms when the reaction is carried out in the laboratory |
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| the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield expressed as a percent |
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Definition
| the energy an object has because of its motion |
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Definition
| all matter consists of tiny particles that are in constant motion |
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Definition
| results from the force exerted by a gas per unit surface area of an object |
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Definition
| an empty space with no particles and no pressure |
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Definition
| results from the collision of atoms and molecules in air with objects |
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Definition
| a device that is used to measure atmospheric pressure |
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| standard atmosphere (atm) |
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Definition
| the pressure required to support 760 mm of mercury in a mercury barometer at 25C |
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Definition
| the conversion of a liquid to a gas or vapor |
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Definition
| when vaporization occurs at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling |
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Definition
| a measure of the force exerted by a gas above a liquid |
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Definition
| the temp at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is just equal to the external pressure on the liquid |
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Term
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Definition
| the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 101.3 kPa |
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| the temp at which a solid changes into a liquid |
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Definition
| a solid in which the atoms, ions or molecules are arranged in an orderly repeating three-D pattern called a crystal lattice |
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Definition
| the smallest group of particles within a crystal that retains the geometric shape of the crystal |
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| 2 or more different molecular forms of the same element in the same physical state |
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| solid that lacks an ordered internal structure |
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| a transparent fusion product of inorganic substances that have cooled to a rigid state without crystallizing |
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Definition
| the change of a substance from a solid to a vapor without passing through the liquid state |
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| a graph that gives the conditions of temp and pressure at which a substance exists as a solid, liquid and gas |
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Definition
| describes the only set of conditions at which all three phases can exist in equilibrim with one another |
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