Details Title: 7, 12, 13 vocab Description: semester 2 vocab Total Flash Cards: 39 Created: 05/19/2009 13:37:09		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Chemistry Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term valence electrons Definition electrons in the highest occupied energy level Term electron dot structures Definition diagrams that show valence electrons as dots Term octet rule Definition in forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas Term halide ions Definition the ions that are produced when atoms of chorine and other halogens gain electrons Term ionic compounds Definition compounds composed of cations and anions Term ionic bonds Definition the electrostatic forces that hold ions together in ionic compounds Term chemical formula Definition show the kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of a substance Term formula unit Definition lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound Term coordination number Definition the number of ions of opposite charge that surround the ion in a crystal Term metallic bonds Definition consist of the attraction of the free-floating valence electrons for the positively charged metal ions Term stoichiometry Definition a subject of chemistry that is the calculation of quantities in chemical reactions Term mole ratio Definition a conversion factor derived from the coefficients of a balanced chemical equation interpreted in terms of moles Term limiting reagent Definition the reagent that determines the amount of product that can be formed by a reaction Term excess reagent Definition the reactant that is not completely used up in a reaction Term theoretical yield Definition the maximum amount of product that could be formed from given amounts of reactants Term actual yield Definition the amount of product that actually forms when the reaction is carried out in the laboratory Term percent yield Definition the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield expressed as a percent Term kinetic energy Definition the energy an object has because of its motion Term kinetic theory Definition all matter consists of tiny particles that are in constant motion Term gas pressure Definition results from the force exerted by a gas per unit surface area of an object Term vacuum Definition an empty space with no particles and no pressure Term atmospheric pressure Definition results from the collision of atoms and molecules in air with objects Term barometer Definition a device that is used to measure atmospheric pressure Term pascal (Pa) Definition the SI unit of pressure Term standard atmosphere (atm) Definition the pressure required to support 760 mm of mercury in a mercury barometer at 25C Term vaporization Definition the conversion of a liquid to a gas or vapor Term evaporation Definition when vaporization occurs at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling Term vapor pressure Definition a measure of the force exerted by a gas above a liquid Term boiling point (bp) Definition the temp at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is just equal to the external pressure on the liquid Term normal boiling point Definition the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 101.3 kPa Term melting point Definition the temp at which a solid changes into a liquid Term crystal Definition a solid in which the atoms, ions or molecules are arranged in an orderly repeating three-D pattern called a crystal lattice Term unit cell Definition the smallest group of particles within a crystal that retains the geometric shape of the crystal Term allotropes Definition 2 or more different molecular forms of the same element in the same physical state Term amorphous solid Definition solid that lacks an ordered internal structure Term glass Definition a transparent fusion product of inorganic substances that have cooled to a rigid state without crystallizing Term sublimation Definition the change of a substance from a solid to a vapor without passing through the liquid state Term phase diagram Definition a graph that gives the conditions of temp and pressure at which a substance exists as a solid, liquid and gas Term triple point Definition describes the only set of conditions at which all three phases can exist in equilibrim with one another