Details Title: 60:110 Description: Unit One Total Flash Cards: 120 Created: 01/28/2009 15:27:47		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Anatomy Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Superior Definition on top of Term inferior Definition below Term Anterior Definition Front Term Posterior Definition back Term lateral Definition further away Term medial Definition closer to midline Term proximal Definition closer to the point of attachment of the limbs Term distal Definition farther away from the point of attachment of the limbs Term superficial Definition closer to the outside of the body Term deep Definition farther away from the outside of the body Term Transverse Plane Definition divides superior inferior top half bottom half Term Frontal or Coronal Plane Definition divides posterior and anterior Term Sagittal Plane Definition left versus right halfs Term Midsagittal Plane Definition divide right down the middle of the body Term Parasagittal Plane Definition still down the middle, but not directly on the midline, either to the left of right of midline Term Axial Regions Definition lie in the midline, head, neck, trunk Term Appendicular Regions Definition upper and lower extremities Term Cephalic Region Definition Head Term Cervical Region Definition neck Term Orbital Region Definition eye including eye ball and muscles Term Frontal Region Definition forehead Term Nasal Region Definition nose Term Oral Region Definition Mouth Term Zygomatic Region Definition Cheeks Term Mental Region Definition Chin Term Thorax Region Definition Chest Term Mediastinum Definition Heart Term Pleural Region Definition Lungs Term Upper extremities Definition arms Term Axillary Region Definition Armpit Term Brachial Region Definition Shoulder to elbow Term Antecubital Region Definition anterior elbow (where blood is often drawn) Term Abdominal Quadrants Definition 4 quadrants, but 9 regions Lower Left quadrant Lower Right quadrant Upper Left quadrant Upper Right quadrant Term Antebrachium Region Definition forearm Term How is the thorax region divided from the abdominal/pelvic region? Definition By the diaphram Term Inspection Definition just to look and observe-notice a bloody nose Term Palpation Definition to feel for abnormalities-feeling swollen lymphnodes Term Percussion Definition listening for different sounds, check for densities, borders of organs Term Auscultation Definition to listen, stethoscope- lung, heart, and bowl sounds Term Reflex Response Definition to check for spinal/nerve damage, deep tendon reflexes Term Medical Imaging Definition • Radiography (X-rays) • Computed Tomography (CT) • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) • PET Scan Term Homeostasis Definition • Everything works together to make this constant work environment • Constant waste removal, intake of oxygen, etc • Able to withstand effects from the outside • Homeostasis is a balance • Somatic cells=cells of the body minus reproductive • Disease state=a chronic homeostasis imbalance • Cells thrive in a balanced environment or homeostasis Term Inguinal Region Definition groin Term Femoral Region Definition thigh Term Patellar Region Definition anterior knee Term Popliteel Region Definition posterior knee Term Leg/Crural Region Definition knee to ankle Term Carpus Region Definition wrist Term Tarsus Region Definition ankle Term Metacarpals Region Definition hand bones before digets Term Metatarsals Region Definition foot bones before digets Term Phalanges Definition all the bones of the digits Same for fingers and toes Term Phalanx Definition just one bone of the digets Term Pollex Definition thumb Term Dorsal Body Cavity Definition skull and spinal cord Term Crainial Cavity Definition skull Term Vertebral Cavity Definition spinal cord Term Ventral Body Cavity Definition everything but the spinal cord and skull Term Thoracic Cavity Definition Mediastinum Pleural cavity (lungs) Pericardial Cavity(heart) Term Abdominopelvic Cavity Definition o Abdominal Cavity o Pelvic Cavity Term Definition Term Cutaneous Membrane (skin) Definition Mucous Membrane-mucous secretions with passages/ openings to the environment to prevent drying out Term Synovial membrane Definition joint cavity Term serious membrane Definition ventral body cavity (stops organs from rubbing up on eachother) Term visceral vs. parietal Definition o layer of serious membrane that is adherent to the visceral membrane o the rest is the parietal layer • pericardium(around the heart), • pleura (around the lungs), • peritoneum(around everything else) Term Meniuges Definition membrane in dorsal body cavity Term Differentiation Definition development of a more specialized form and function Term "instruction manual" gene Definition The instruction manual to build a human being is contained in the DNA Only a part of the instruction manual is read by each cell A gene is the part of the instruction manual that is read Term chromatin Definition uncondensed DNA Term chromosomes Definition just before the cell divides the DNA condenses the condensed DNA is called chromsomes Term endoplasmic reticulum Definition the rough ER surrounds the nucleus studded by ribosomes located near perifere of nucleus Term Golgi Apparatus Definition “flattened pancakes” Term DNA "rungs" Definition the rungs are called base pairs A-T G-C base pairs known as human genome Term transcription Definition Start with DNA template Have to match up the pairs ACTGACTTC UGACUGAAG mRNA basically make the DNA into mRNA to go through translation Term Mitochondria Definition power houses, generate ATP Term Apical cell surface Definition most superficial Term Basal surface Definition most deep Term Cell Junctions Definition how neighboring cells interact Term Tight junctions Definition wont let through a whole lot Term Desmosome Definition cytoskeleton(frame work of the cell-move provide support) Term Gap Junctions Definition a pore from one cell to the other Term 3 “fates” of a cell Definition 1. divide and grow-the fate most cells accept 2. not to divide 3. die-necrosis-trama injury, lack of O2, nutrients, disrupt homeostasis a. inflammation-how the body responds to injury and death i. painful, red, warm, swelling-4 cardinal signs of inflammation ii. a healing response brining more blood in iii. very debilitating b. other type of cell death-has a “death gene” i. called apoptosis ii. occurs because it is supposed to die iii. no inflammation iv. embryos have webbing, apoptosis occurs it the webbing cells and fingers are made v. we are given way to many nerve cells so many are programmed to die Term which stage does a cell spend most of it's time? Definition cell spends most of its life in interphase (between phases) Term metabolizing Definition either builds stuff up (anabolism), tear things down (catabolism) needs a constant homeostasis, intake of nutrients, and waste removal Term G-0 phase Definition some cell never get the start signal but go to a G-0 phase-they wont divide-resting stage Term Mitosis Definition is just dividing the DNA Term Cytokinesis Definition after the nuclear contents or DNA have divided, now you have to divvy up the cytoplasmic contents. Term S phase of Interphase when we duplicated the DNA Definition so now we have a nucleus filled up with 2x as much DNA as before, still in the chromatin stage that’s where we are when we get our start signal Term Prophase Definition Chromatin condenses-DNA becomes visable chromosomes Term Metaphase Definition Chromosomes lie along midline of cell Term the "star structure" in the drawings Definition the centrosome area and in that area are the pair of centrioles are only interesting in the business in division when divison does occur, one pair goes to one pole of the cell and the other goes to the other pole. The “spindles” of the star are going to grab on to the chromosomes. Term Anaphase Definition Migrate Term Telophase Definition Cleavage furrow is the land mark we look for at telephase-the two resulting cells where they are still combined, but are basically two separate cells Term Normal vs abnormal cell biopsy Definition Normal biopsy many cells in interphase Abnormal many cells in mitotic phases Term Hypertrophy cell adaptation Definition increase in size You’re muscles get bigger-but the cells do not divide since they’re in g0…the cells themselves get bigger, not divide Term Hyperplasia Definition increase in numbers Term Atrophy Definition decrease in size Term Dysplasia Definition change shapes Loose normal morphology Term Metaplasia????????? Definition Term neoplasia????? Definition Term DNA goes to mRNA through.... Definition transcription Term mRNA to protein through translation Definition Term Epithelium Definition tissue that lines the inside of organs, blood vessels, or covers, aka outer layer of skin; glandular (epithelium cells specialized in producing a product and secreting that product) Term Connective Tissue Definition supports body, binds Term Nervous Tissue Definition conduct information Term muscle tissue Definition special function of contraction Term connexon Definition the whole inbetween cell in gap junctions Term Simple epithelium Definition one layer of cells Term Stratified epithelium Definition multiple layers of cells mmmmm mmmmm mmmmm mmmmm Term by which layer of cells do you decide if it is simple or stratified? Definition by the top layer of cells Term Squamous Definition cell shape where the cells look flattened, little hight long length Term Cubodial Definition cell shape where the cells look like sugar cubes Term Columnar Definition cell shape, large hight little width, like a normal column Term Glandular epitheal Definition make something secrete something o Uniceullar o multicellular • o exocrine-duct o endocrine-blood Term Connective tissue cells suspended in a Matrix Definition Matrix ground substance and fibers • elastic • reticular • collagen • you can end up with a fluid matrix, solid matrix, semisolid matrix Term fibroblasts Definition responsible for making the matrix o scar of nonfunctional tissue is laid down by fibroblasts Term mast cells Definition o produce histamine and heparin Term plasma cells Definition o cells that produce antibodies Term macrophages Definition o pacman cells that go and chew up all the debris o break chemical bonds Term Definition