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470 exam1.3
Thirst
28
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
02/02/2014

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Cards

Term
o Arguments against strict behaviorism in thirst
Definition
• Behavioral variation in a constant environment
 Glass of water in front of class, will you drink it?
• Variations- how thirsty you are, if you have a water bottle.
Term
multiple outputs-
Definition
• Different ways to achieve goal directed behavior
 What could you do rather than getting the glass of water?
• Go to the cafe, water fountain
Term
importance of water
Definition
• 50% of female and 60% of male body weight is made up of water (Saltmarsh 2001)
• Dehydration can be fatal if more than 15% of body weight in water is lost
• Sources of water loss- sweat, breath, urinate
• Way to gain water- drinking
Term
o Meditational Model
Definition
• Stimulus -> motivational state -> behavior
Term
• Motivationals State (MS)
Definition
 Activates goal directed behavior
 Generate arbitrary responses (not predictable)
Term
mediational model includes:
Definition
MS
Drive
Homeostasis
Habituation
Term
• Drive
Definition
 Hierarchially organized MS
 Master components control lower components
Term
• Homeostasis
Definition
 A system that is regulated within a set of boundaries
• Need to maintain a certain level of dehydration if it drops to low- things start to shut down. If goes too high- drown
Term
• Habituation
Definition
the decrease in appeal associated with repeated exposure
Term
o Cannon’s Local Sign Theory
Definition
• Some bodily need produces a drive
• Drive produces unpleasant senstation
 (thirst- dry mouth, HA)
• Sensations initiate actions to satisfy need
 Water removes dry mouth and no longer dehydrated and the thirst motivation is removed
Term
why is Cannon’s Local Sign Theory wrong
Definition
 Neither dry mouth nor stomach contractions are necessary to produce thirst or hunger
• Sufficient but not necessary causes
o They prevented ppl from having a dry mouth and ppl still felt thirsty.
Term
control system approach for thist has
Definition
homeostatic system
multiple inputs, multiple outputs
assumes ouputs and inputs are related in negative feedback loop
Term
Negative feedback loop
Definition
outputs feedback to reduce or eliminate inputs
Term
inputs vs outputs
Definition
inputs Events activate the system
ouputs Events initiated by the system to return to homeostasis and eventually result in deactivation
Term
Control system for Thirst
• Activation (inputs)
Definition
intracellular and extracellular dehydration
Term
o Intracellular dehydration
Definition
• Injecting sodium chloride
Term
o Extracellular dehydration
Definition
• Injecting formaldehyde
Term
double depletion hypothesis
Definition
o Two set points for thirst- intra and extra
o Changes in either are sufficient causes (inputs) of thirst
o Both trigger drinking or behaviors that lead to drinking (outputs)
o Additive processes
Term
• Deactivation (outputs) of thirst inhibiting factors
Definition
• Mouth factors (sham-drinking studies)
 Pumping water out of stomach as its going in. You will still feel thirsty? You might slow down drinking.
• Stomach factors (sham-drinking studies)
 Goes into mouth and stomach
• Removal of IC (in particular) & EC dehydration
 Saline drip- hydrate you without water in stomach or mouth. Thirst motivation doesn’t start
Term
sham drinking studies results:
Definition
sham rats drink more than normal rats deprevied of water for the same amount of time.
Term
complications to the control systems approach to thirst
Definition
1. Can have dehydration without observing drinking (might not have water available)
2. Can have drinking in the absence of dehydration
3. Can have cessation of drinking in the absence of restored hydration
4. Drinking may be induced by multiple “outside” factors that may or may not also involve thirst (MS)
Term
1. Can have dehydration without observing drinking (might not have water available)
Definition
inface of dehydration , brain
the model IC and/or EC
Term
a. Inface of dehydration, brain
Definition
i. Signals to kidneys to produce more concentrated urine (slows IC dehydration)
ii. Tells blood vessels to constrict (slowing extracellular dehydration)
Term
b. The model:
i. IC and/or EC
Definition
This short term negative feedback loop would temporarily maintain adequate hydration in the absence of observable drinking
Term
Can have drinking in the absence of dehydration examples
Definition
 Taste-evoked drinking (you like the taste_
 Drinking an “anticipation” of thirst
• Suggest a difference between regulatroy (in response to dehydration ) and non regulatory drinking (in the absence of dehydration)
Term
Can have cessation of drinking in the absence of restored hydration
Definition
 drinking in response to dehydration often stops before hydration is restored
• prevents “water intoxication”
Term
Drinking may be induced by multiple “outside” factors that may or may not also involve thirst (MS)
Definition
 social drinking
 Drinking caffeine to wake up or alcohol to relax.
 Drinking at meals
Term
o Additional outside factors that interact with thirst
Definition
• Eating elicits thirst (prandial drinking)
 Histamine and serotonin
• Taste adn deprivation
 Acquired tastes
 Deprivation increases tolerance for bitter tastes and decreases attraction to sweet tastes
• Temperature
 Water preferred btw 32-56F
• Learning
 Social reinforcement
 Cultural training
• Effort
 More effort required to drink= less drinking
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