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3) CH 22 - musculoskeletal
health assessment FSCJ RN 2011
66
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
11/09/2011

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Term
The musculoskeletal system consists of the body's
Definition
bones, joints, and muscles.
Term
Humans need tThe musculoskeletal system for (5 things)
Definition
(1) for support to stand erect and (2) for movement. The musculoskeletal system also functions (3) to encase and protect the inner vital organs (e.g., brain, spinal cord, heart), (4) to produce the red blood cells in the bone marrow (hematopoiesis), and (5) as a reservoir for storage of essential minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus in the bones.
Term
_______ is hard, rigid, and very dense. Its cells are continually turning over and remodeling.
Definition
BONE
Term
The joint
Definition
is the place of union of two or more bones.
Term
the bones are united by fibrous tissue or cartilage and are immovable (e.g., the sutures in the skull) or only slightly movable (e.g., the vertebrae).
Definition
nonsynovial joints
Term
these joints are freely movable because they have bones that are separated from each other and are enclosed in a joint cavity
Definition
synovial joints
Term
this joint has a cavity that is filled with a lubricant,
Definition
synovial joints
Term
It is a very stable connective tissue with a slow cell turnover. It has a tough, firm consistency, yet is flexible.
Definition
cartilage
Term
fibrous bands running directly from one bone to another that strengthen the joint and help prevent movement in undesirable directions.
Definition
Ligaments
Term
an enclosed sac filled with viscous synovial fluid, much like a joint.
Definition
bursa
Term
Muscles are of three types
Definition
skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
Term
composed of bundles of muscle fibers, or fasciculi.
Definition
skeletal muscle
Term
The skeletal muscle is attached to bone by a
Definition
tendon
Term
Skeletal muscles produce the following movements
Definition
1 Flexion—bending a limb at a joint

2 Extension—straightening a limb at a joint

3 Abduction—moving a limb away from the midline of the body

4 Adduction—moving a limb toward the midline of the body

5 Pronation—turning the forearm so that the palm is down

6 Supination—turning the forearm so that the palm is up

7 Circumduction—moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder

8 Inversion—moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle

9 Eversion—moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle

10 Rotation—moving the head around a central axis

11 Protraction—moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground

12 Retraction—moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground

13 Elevation—raising a body part

14 Depression—lowering a body part
Term
e 33 connecting bones stacked in a vertical column
Definition
vertebrae
Term
Humans have ____cervical, ____ thoracic, ___ lumbar, ____ sacral, and ____ or ___ coccygeal vertebrae.
Definition
7, 12, 5, 3 or 4
Term
The spinous processes of C7 and T1 are prominent at
Definition
the base of the neck.
Term
The inferior angle of the scapula normally is at the level of the interspace between
Definition
T7 and T8
Term
An imaginary line connecting the highest point on each iliac crest crosses
Definition
L4.
Term
The cervical and lumbar curves are
Definition
concave (inward or anterior)
Term
he thoracic and sacrococcygeal curves are
Definition
convex
Term
elastic fibrocartilaginous plates that constitute one fourth of the length of the column
Definition
intervertebral disks
Term
The motions of the vertebral column are
Definition
flexion (bending forward), extension (bending back), abduction (to either side), and rotation.
Term
the articulation of the humerus with the glenoid fossa of the scapula
Definition
glenohumeral joint
Term
The joint is enclosed by a group of four powerful muscles and tendons that support and stabilize it. Together these are called the
Definition
rotator cuff of the shoulder.
Term
helps during abduction of the arm, so that the greater tubercle of the humerus moves easily under the acromion process of the scapula.
Definition
subacromial bursa
Term
The ___ and the _____ connect to form the shoulder girdle.
Definition
scapula and clavicle
Term
You can feel the bump of the scapula's ____ _____ at the very top of the shoulder
Definition
acromion process
Term
You can feel the bump of the scapula's ______ process at the very top of the shoulder. Move your fingers in a small circle outward, down, and around. The next bump is the ____ ____ of the humerus a few centimeters down and laterally, and from that the ______ process of the scapula is a few centimeters medially. These surround the deeply situated joint.
Definition
acromion, greater tubercle, coracoid
Term
palpable landmarks of the elbow
Definition
medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus and the large olecranon process of the ulna in between them.
Term
The sensitive _____ nerve runs between the olecranon process and the medial epicondyle
Definition
ulnar
Term
radiocarpal joint
Definition
wrist
Term
which joint is the articulation between the two parallel rows of carpal bones. It allows flexion, extension, and some rotation.
Definition
The midcarpal
Term
which 2 joints permit finger flexion and extension?
Definition
metacarpophalangeal and the interphalangeal
Term
which joint is the articulation between the acetabulum and the head of the femur
Definition
hip joint
Term
. You can feel the entire iliac crest, from the __ ___ ___ ___ to the posterior.
Definition
anterior superior iliac spine ASIS
Term
WHAT lies under the gluteus maximus muscle and is palpable when the hip is flexed.
Definition
ischial tuberosity
Term
WHAT LANDMARK of the femur is normally the width of the person's palm below the iliac crest and halfway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the ischial tuberosity. Feel it when the person is standing, in a flat depression on the upper lateral side of the thigh.
Definition
greater trochanter
Term
The knee's synovial membrane is the largest in the body. It forms a sac at the superior border of the patella, called the _____ ____ which extends up as much as 6 cm behind the quadriceps muscle.
Definition
suprapatellar pouch,
Term
WHAT Two wedge-shaped cartilages cushion the tibia and femur.
Definition
medial and lateral menisci
Term
The knee is stabilized by which 2 sets of ligaments
Definition
cruciate ligaments, collateral ligaments
Term
a small, triangular fat pad below the patella behind the patellar ligament.
Definition
infrapatellar fat pad
Term
tibiotalar joint,
Definition
The ankle
Term
what is the articulation of the tibia, fibula, and talus
Definition
The ankle, or tibiotalar joint
Term
2 ankle landmarks
Definition
the medial malleolus and the lateral malleolus
Term
epiphyses
Definition
growth plates
Term
Bone remodeling is
Definition
s a cyclic process of bone resorption and deposition.
Term
osteoporosis
Definition
gradual loss of bone density
Term
(complete loss of contact between the two bones in a joint)
Definition
dislocation
Term
(two bones in a joint stay in contact but their alignment is off
Definition
subluxation
Term
(shortening of a muscle leading to limited ROM of joint),
Definition
contracture
Term
(stiffness or fixation of a joint).
Definition
ankylosis
Term
an audible and palpable crunching or grating that accompanies movement. It occurs when the articular surfaces in the joints are roughened, as with rheumatoid arthritis
Definition
Crepitation
Term
(partial dislocation)
Definition
Subluxation
Term
Genu varum
Definition
bowlegs
Term
Genu valgum
Definition
(knock knees
Term
This is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease of joints and surrounding connective tissue. Inflammation of synovial membrane leads to thickening; then to fibrosis, which limits motion; and finally to bony ankylosis.
Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Term
Chronic, progressive inflammation of spine, sacroiliac, and larger joints of the extremities, leading to bony ankylosis and deformity. A form of RA, this affects primarily men by a 10 : 1 ratio, in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Definition
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Term
Noninflammatory, localized, progressive disorder involving deterioration of articular cartilages and subchondral bone and formation of new bone (osteophytes) at joint surfaces.
Definition
Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease)
Term
Decrease in skeletal bone mass occurring when rate of bone resorption is greater than that of bone formation. The weakened bone state increases risk for stress fractures, especially at wrist, hip, and vertebrae.
Definition
Osteoporosis
Term
Wrist in extreme flexion, due to severe rheumatoid arthritis. This is a functionally useless hand because when the wrist is palmar flexed, a good deal of power is lost from the fingers and the thumb cannot oppose the fingers.
Definition
Ankylosis
Term
Lateral curvature of thoracic and lumbar segments of the spine, usually with some rotation of involved vertebral bodies.
Definition
Scoliosis
Term
Each disk center has a_____ _____made of soft, semifluid, mucoid material that has the consistency of toothpaste in the young adult.
Definition
v nucleus pulposus
Term
elastic fibrocartilaginous plates that constitute one fourth of the length of the column
Definition
intervertebral disks
Term
An enhanced thoracic curve
Definition
kyphosis
Term
A pronounced lumbar curve
Definition
lordosis
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