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3208
Communication
44
Biology
Undergraduate 1
03/24/2009

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Term
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Communication & Interpersonal Relationships:
Definition
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Becoming sensitive to self and others
Promoting and accepting the expression of positive and negative feelings
Developing helping-trust relationships
Instilling faith and hope
Promoting interpersonal teaching and learning
Providing a supportive environment
Assisting with gratification of human needs
Allowing for spiritual expression
Term
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Nurse’s ability to relate to others is important for interpersonal communication:
Definition
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Nurse’s ability to take initiative in establishing & maintaining communication.
Nurse’s ability to respond appropriately to the other  person.
Term
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Good interpersonal communication requires a sense of mutuality:
Definition
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Belief that a nurse-patient/client relationship is a partnership and that both are equal participants.
Term
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Developing Communication Skills:
Definition
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FACT:  Nurses who develop good critical thinking skills make the best communicators.
FACT:  Patients/Clients are more likely to communicate with nurses who express an interest in them.
FACT:  Nurses who convey confidence and comfort while communicating more readily establishes an interpersonal helping-trust relationships with patients/clients.
Term
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Developing Communication Skills (cont’):
Definition
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It is challenging to understand human communication within interpersonal relationships
Term
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Challenging Communication Situations
Definition
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Silent, withdrawn persons who do not express any feelings or needs
Sad, depressed persons who have slow mental and motor responses
Angry, hostile persons who do not listen to explanations
Uncooperative persons who resent being asked to do something
Talkative, lonely persons who want someone with them all the time
Demanding persons who want someone to wait on them or meets their requests
Ranting and raving persons who blame nursing staff unfairly
Sensory impaired persons who cannot hear or see well
Verbally impaired persons who cannot articulate words
Term
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Challenging Communication Situations
Definition
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Gossiping persons who violate confidentiality and cause friction
Mentally handicapped persons who are frightened and distrustful
Confused, disoriented persons who are bewildered and uncooperative
Foreign-born persons who speak very little English
Anxious, nervous persons who cannot cope with what is happening
Grieving, crying persons who have had a major loss
Screaming, kicking toddlers who want their mother
Flirtatious, sexually inappropriate persons
Loud, obscene persons causing a disturbance or violating a rule
Term
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Intrapersonal Communication
Definition

Ø Referred to as: self-talk, self-verbalization, and inner-thought

Ø People’s thoughts strongly influence perceptions, feelings, behavior, and self-concept

Ø Example of intrapersonal communication in the nursing process:  self-confidence in analysis of assessment findings (“Yes, the patient’s B/P was 140/98”….)

Term
Interpersonal Communication
Definition

Ø   One-to-One interaction between the nurse and another person

Ø   Often occurs face-to-face

Ø   Meaningful interpersonal communication results in an exchange in ideas, problem-solving, expression of feeling, decision-making, goal accomplishment, team-building and personal growth

Ø   Example of good interpersonal communication: (Class participation)

Ø   Example of poor interpersonal communication: (Class participation)

Ø   Example of interpersonal communication in the nursing process: (Planning process – collaboration with patient/client and family to determine implementation methods).

Term
Transpersonal Communication
Definition

Ø   Interaction that occurs within a persons’ spiritual domain

Ø   Many persons use prayer, meditation, guided reflection, religious rituals or other means to communicate with their “higher power”

Term
Small-Group Communication
Definition

Ø   Interaction that occurs when a small number of persons meet together

Ø   Small groups are more effective when they are a workable size, have an appropriate meeting place, suitable seating arrangements, and cohesiveness and commitment among group members

Ø   Example of small-group communication: (Change-of-Shift Nursing Report)

Term
Public Communication
Definition

Ø   Interaction with an audience

Ø   Public communication requires special adaptations in eye contact, gestures, voice inflection, and use of media materials to communicate message effectively

Ø   Example of public communication: (Nurses presenting health care related topics at a Community Screening Event).

Term
Referent:
Definition

    Motivates one person to communicate with another.

Ø   Example: 

« A patient’s request for help prompted by difficulty in breathing brings a different nursing response than one prompted by boredom.

 

Ø   Another Example:

« When touring with my clinical group through the hospital, a certain smell in the hospital prompted immediate communication among the students.

Term
Sender
Definition
The person who encodes and delivers the message
Term
Receiver
Definition
The person who receives and decodes the message
Term

Ø   The sender’s message

Definition

acts as a referent for the receiver, who is responsible for attending to, translating, and responding to the sender’s message

Term
ELEMENTS OF THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Definition

·        Referent

·        Sender and Receiver

·        Messages

·        Channels

·        Feedback

·        Interpersonal Variables

·        Environment

Term
Messages
Definition

    Is the content of the communication.

Ø   It contains verbal, nonverbal and symbolic language.

Ø   Personal perceptions sometimes distort the receiver’s interpretation of the message.

Ø   Example:

« Two nurses can provide the same information, yet convey very different messages according to their personal communication styles.

«  “Your incision is well approximated without purulent drainage”.
 
«  Same message, different words:
 
«  “Your wound edges are together, and there is no signs of infection”.
Term
Channels
Definition

:  Means of conveying and receiving messages through visual, auditory, and tactile senses.

 

Ø Facial expressions – send visual messages

 

Ø Spoken words – travel through auditory channels

 

Ø Touch – uses tactile channels

Term
Feedback
Definition
Is the message the receiver returns
Term
Interpersonal Variables
Definition

    Factors within both the sender and receiver that influence communication.

Ø   Perception

Ø   Educational Level

Ø   Developmental Level

Ø   Socio-cultural Backgrounds

Ø   Values and Beliefs

Ø   Emotions

Ø   Gender

Ø   Physical Health Status

Ø   Roles and Relationships

Term
Environment
Definition
The setting for the sender-receiver interaction
Term
Verbal Communication
Definition

Ø   Use of spoken or written words

Term
Nonverbal Communication
Definition

Ø Includes all the five senses and everything that does not involve the spoken or written word.

Term
Symbolic Communication
Definition
Verbal and nonverbal symbolism used by others to convey meaning
Term
Metacommunication
Definition

Ø   A broad term that refers to all factors that influence communication.

Term
Nurse-Patient/Client Relationships
Definition
the relationship is therapeutic, prmotiong a psychological climate that facilitates postive change and growth. the nurse's therapeutic use of communication is the mechanism by which clients can acheive successful outcomes for the rpoblems currently preventing them from acheiving optimum health.
Term

·        Nurse-Family Relationships

Definition
require the nurse to form helping relationships with entire family.
Term

·        Nurse-Health Team Relationships

Definition
nurses function in roles that require interaction with multiple health team members.
Term

·        Nurse-Community Relationships

Definition
nurses in a community based practice must be able to establish relationships with their community to be effective change agetns.
Term
Courtesy
Definition

«     Saying hello and goodbye to patients

«     Knocking on doors before entering

Term
ELEMENTS OF PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION
Definition

·        Courtesy

·        Use of Name

·        Trustworthiness

·        Autonomy and Responsibility

·        Assertiveness

Term

·        Use of Name

Definition

«     Self-introduction is so important

«     Patients/Clients have names; nurses usually refer to patients by their last name and by the first name at the patient’s request

«     Avoid such terms of endearment as, “Sweetie, Honey, Dear, Grandma, etc”.

Term
Trustworthiness
Definition

«     Trust is relying on someone without doubt or question

«     To foster trust, the nurse communicates warmth and demonstrates consistency, reliability, honesty, competence, and respect

Term
Autonomy and Responsibility
Definition

«     Autonomy is the ability to be self-directed and independent in accomplishing goals

«     The nurse takes initiative in problem-solving and communicates in a manner that reflects the importance and purpose of therapeutic conversation

Term
Assertiveness
Definition

«     Allows one to express feelings and ideas without judging or hurting others

«     Self-assured when and while communicating

«     People respect clear, open, honest communication

Term
Active listening
Definition
means to be attentive to what the client is saying both verbally and nonverbally.
Term
Assertiveness
Definition
conveys a sense of self assurance while also communicating respect for the other person
Term
Autonomy
Definition
the ability to be self directed and independent in accomplishing goals and advocating for others.
Term
Channels
Definition
means of conveying and receiving messages through visual, auditory and tactile senses.
Term
Communication
Definition
a lifelong learning process for the nurse.
Term
Empathy
Definition
the ability to understand and accept another person's reality, to accurately preceive feelings, and to communicate this understaing to other.
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