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31.1: Reptiles
Covering all main ideas, vocabulary, etc.
25
Biology
9th Grade
04/28/2010

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Term
What are two problems amphibians had from living on land that reptiles have overcome (how)?
Definition
1. Reproduction (egg) ➜ Amniote egg
2. Skin drying out ➜ Waterproof skin (keratin)
Term
How can waterproof skin be a disadvantage?
Definition
Reptiles have to shed (molt) skin as they grow
Term
The first widely spread reptiles were...?
Definition
Dinosaurs
Term
What are the two main theories of dinosaur extinction?
Definition
1. Giant asteroid
2. Giant volcano
Term
What are three adaptations reptiles have?
Definition
1. Well-developed lungs
2. Double-loop circulation
3. Internal fertilization
Term
Define ectotherm:
Definition
Animals who rely on behavior to control their body temperature (cold-blooded).
Term
What are two adaptations reptiles have that are involved in RESPIRATION?
Definition
1. Spongy, partial chambered lung
2. Flexible ribs
Term
What are the three parts of MOST reptilian hearts?
Definition
1. Right and left atrium
2. Ventricle
3. Partial septum in ventricle
Term
Which reptiles have the most advanced hearts (how)?
Definition
Crocodiles and alligators have two ventricles
Term
Reptiles that live mostly in water excrete their nitrogenous wastes in what form (why)?
Definition
Urine contains ammonia, and since they drink so much, it's diluted
Term
Reptiles that live primarily on land convert ammonic waste to what (why is it advantageous)?
Definition
Uric acid is less toxic than ammonia and therefore doesn't have to be so diluted, conserving water
Term
Match:

Most Viviporous
None Oviviporous
Some Oviporous
Definition
Most oviparous
Some oviviporous
None viviporous
Term

Label the following: A,B,C,E,F,H

 

[image]

Definition

A: Chorion

B: Amnion

C: Allantois

E: Yolk Sac

F: Shell

H: Embryo

Term
Name the functions for the following: amnion, chorion, allantois.
Definition
Amnion: fluid filled sac that produces a protected liquid environment
Chorion: regulates transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Allantois: stores waste and later fuses with chorion in respiration
Term
Rhynchocephalia (Sphendonta): Name one species and two characteristics.
Definition
Tuatara; lack external ears and has pineal eye (senses sunlight)
Term
Chelonia (Testudines): Name three species and one characteristic.
Definition
Turtle (water), tortoise (land), terrapin (salt water turtle); have a shell that consists of a dorsal carapace and ventral plastron
Term
Crocodilia: Name four species and one characteristic.
Definition
Crocodile, alligator, caiman, gavail; have fleshy flap in mouth that allows breathing through nostrils while mouth is open
Term
Squamata: Name two groups.
Definition
Snakes, lizards
Term
What type of lizards are the largest? What types are poisonous?
Definition
Monitor lizards; komodo dragons and gila monsters
Term
Define ecdysis.
Definition
Molting of epidermal scales
Term
What are the three snake movements?
Definition
1. Lateral undilation
2. Caterpillar movement
3. Sidewinding
Term
What is the Jacobson's organ?
Definition
Organ that detects pheremones and is located on roof of snakes' mouths
Term
Where does the "pit" in pit viper come from?
Definition
Small organ that detects heat near the eye
Term
Define elapids.
Definition
Simple fangs
Term
What's the difference between hemotoxin and neurotoxin?
Definition
Hemotoxin destroys blood cells whereas neurotoxin destroys the nervous system.
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