Term
| reversible cholinesterase inhibitor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is neostigmine (prostigmin) for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what treats neostigmine toxicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what should you teach patients about neostigmine? |
|
Definition
| to distinguish between insufficient and excessive dosing |
|
|
Term
| irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor |
|
Definition
only indication is glaucoma
only drug is echothiophate
responses last a long time |
|
|
Term
| what happens when there is irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity? |
|
Definition
| it produces cholinergic crisis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antidote to irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
must be administered soon after posioning has occurred |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
overdose of cholinesterase inhibitor
extreme muscle weakness or paralysis
excessive muscarinic stimulation
treatment: respiratory support plus atropine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
extreme muscle weakness
a cholinesterase inhibitor is used to relieve the crisis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
used to distinguish between myasthenic crisis and cholinergic crisis.
if it alleviates symptoms the crisis is myasthenic
if it intensifies symptoms the crisis is cholinergic |
|
|
Term
| depolarizing neromuscular blocker |
|
Definition
succinylcholine
binds to NicotinicM receptors
ultrashort-acting drug
produces transient muscle contractions
causes paralysis that lasts until levels decline, no sedation
no effect on CNS |
|
|
Term
| what is succinylcholine used for? |
|
Definition
| muscle relaxation during intubation, electroconvulsive therapy, endoscopym and others |
|
|
Term
| what are the adverse effects of succinylcholine? |
|
Definition
| prolonged apnea in pts with low pseudocholinesterase activity, malignant hyperthermia, post-op muscle pain, and hyperkalemia |
|
|
Term
| what intensifies effects of succinylcholine? |
|
Definition
| cholinesterase inhibitors and antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| what does overdose of succinylcholine produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
intermediate-acting
minimal cardiovascular effects
excreted in bile
paralysis prolonged in pts with liver dysfunction and obese pts |
|
|
Term
| what is vecuronium used for? |
|
Definition
muscle relaxation during intubation
general anesthesia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta-selective adrenergic agonist
catecholamine
|
|
|
Term
| what is isproterenol for? |
|
Definition
helps overcome AV heart block
restarts the heart after cardiac arrest
increases cardiac output during shock
can cause bronchodilation, used to treat bronchospasm during anesthesia |
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of isoproterenol |
|
Definition
tachydysrhythmias
angina pectoris
hypergycemia in diabetic pts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
if IV extravasates,necrosis may result
if it occurs, inflitrate the region with phentolamine to minimize injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nonselective beta blocker
blocks beta 1 and 2 receptors
can cross BBB |
|
|
Term
| what does propanolol do to beta 1? |
|
Definition
can reduce heart rate
decrease force of contraction
suppress impulse conduction
suppress secretion of renin |
|
|
Term
| what does propanolol do to beta 2? |
|
Definition
| can produce bronchoconstriction, vasoconstriction, and reduced glycogenolysis |
|
|
Term
| therapeutic uses of propanolol |
|
Definition
hypertension
angina pectoris
cardiac dysrythmias
MI
migraine
stage fright |
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of propanolol |
|
Definition
bradycardia
AV heart block
heart failure
rebound cardiac excitation
bronchoconstriction
inhibition of glycogenolysis
CNS-depression, insomnia, nightmares, hallucinations |
|
|
Term
| contraindications of propanolol |
|
Definition
| patients with allergic reactions, diabetes, and cardiac, respiratory, and psychiatric disorders should not take propanolol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
selective blockade of beta 1 receptors in the heart
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reduces heart rate, force of contraction, and conduction velocity through AV node
reduces secretion of renin by the kidney
does not block bronchial beta 2 receptors |
|
|
Term
| therapeutic uses of metoprolol |
|
Definition
hypertension-main use
angina pectoris, heart failure and MI |
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of metoprolol |
|
Definition
| bradycardia, reduced cardiac output, AV heart block, rebound cardiac excitation, heart failure, minimal bronchoconstriction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antihypertensive drug that acts within the CNS
free of serious adverse effects
alpha 2
widely used |
|
|
Term
| what is clonidine used for? |
|
Definition
to relieve severe pain of cancer
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reduces sympathetic outflow to blood vessels and the heart
can cause bradycardia and decrease in CO
promotes vasodilation
decreases BP |
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of clonidine |
|
Definition
| drowsiness, depression, xerostomia, rebound hypertension, constipation impotence gynecomastia, CNS effects, skin reactions, not recommended for pregnant women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
direct-acting muscarinic agonist
used for urinary retention
record intake and output |
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of bethanechol |
|
Definition
hypotension, bradycardia
excessive salivation
increase secretion of gastric acid
abdominal cramps
diarrhea, involuntary defecation
rupture of bladder
rupture of bowel wall
bronchoconstriction
dysrhythmias |
|
|
Term
| contraindications of bethanechol |
|
Definition
pts with low BP and CO
pts with gastric ulcers, intestinal obstruction, bowel surgery
pts with urinary tract obstruction, weakness of bladder wall
pts with asthma
hyperthyroid pts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
muscarinic antagonist
contraindiction: pts with glaucoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
overactive bladder
symptoms: urgency, frequency, nocturia, incontinence
drugs: anticholinergic agents: oxybutynin, tolterodine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antidote to antimuscarinic poisoning
an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase |
|
|
