Term
| drug therapy during pregnancy and breast-feeding--toxicity |
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Definition
| shortage of reliable data on toxicity from drug use |
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Term
| drug therapy during pregnancy ad breast-feeding--taking drugs |
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Definition
two-thirds of pregnant women take at least one medication; the majority take more
for pregnancy-related problems
chronic disorders
infectious diseases or cancer
drugs of abuse |
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Term
| drug therapy during pregnancy--physiologic changes |
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Definition
third trimester-renal blood flow doubled and renal excretion accelerated
tone and mobility of bowel decrease- prolonged transit- increase in absorption |
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Term
| when excretion is accelerated what should you do? |
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Definition
| take drugs more frequently |
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Term
| drug therapy during pregnancy-placental drug transfer |
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Definition
all drugs can cross the placenta
some can cross more easily than others |
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Term
| adverse reactions during pregnancy |
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Definition
can adversely affect both mother and fetus
effects:
heparin causes osteoporosis
prostaglandins stimulate uterine contraction
certain pain relievers used during delivery can depress respiration in the neonate |
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Term
| drug therapy during pregnancy - teratogenesis |
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Definition
literally to produce a monster
birth defects: gross malformations like cleft palate, clubfoot, and hydrocephalus; and neurobehavioral and metabolic anomalies |
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Term
| pregnancy risk categories |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
remote risk of fetal harm
during first trimester |
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Term
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Definition
slightly more risk than A
only studied in animals, shows fetal harm |
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Term
|
Definition
greater risk than B
animal studies show risk of fetal harm |
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Term
|
Definition
proven risk of fetal harm
studied in women to show fetal damage but benefits may be acceptable |
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Term
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Definition
proven risk of fetal harm
studies in women and animals show definite risk of fetal abnormality
adverse reactions
risk outweighs benefits |
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Term
| minimizing risk for teratogenesis |
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Definition
avoid unnecessary drug use (alcohol, cocaine)
50% of pregnancies are unintended |
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Term
| responding to teratogen exposure |
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Definition
identifying details of exposure
ultrasound scans |
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Term
| development of pregnancy ad teratogenesis |
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Definition
conception through week 2
embryonic period 3-8 weeks- gross malformations
fetal period week 9 to term-functions disrupted with teratogen exposure |
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Term
| drug therapy during breast feeding |
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Definition
drugs can be excreted in breast milk, and effects can occur in the infant
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Term
| decrease risk of drugs to infant during breast feeding |
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Definition
take drugs immediately after breast feeding
avoid drugs that have long half life
choose drugs that tend to be excluded from milk and are least likely to affect infant
avoid drugs known to be hazardous |
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