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3 First Aid Rapid Review
Classic Presentations pp580-584
120
Medical
Post-Graduate
05/16/2012

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
Definition
Budd Chiari Syndrome (post hepatic vein thrombosis)
Term
Achillens tendon xanthoma
Definition
Familial hypercholesterolemia (dec LDL receptor signaling)
Term
Adrenal hemorrhage, hypothension, DIC
Definition
Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
Term
Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
Definition
Marfan's Syndrome (fibrillin defect)
Term
Athlete with polycythemia
Definition
EPO injections
Term
Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
Definition
Pott's disease (vertebral tuberculosis)
Term
bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, uveitis
Definition
sarcoidosis (non-caseating granulomas)
Term
Blue sclera
Definition
Osteogenesis imperfecta (collagen defect)
Term
Bluish line on gingiva
Definition
Burton's line (lead poisoning)
Term
bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
Definition
Paget disease of bone (inc osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
Term
Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head, bobbing
Definition
Aortic regurgitation
Term
"butterfly" facial rash and Raynaud's phenomenon in a young female
Definition
systemic lupus erythematosus
Term
Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch Nodules (iris harmartomas)
Definition
NF-1 (+ pheo, optic gliomas)
NF-2 (+ bilateral acoustic neuromas)
Term
Cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty
Definition
McCune Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
Term
Calf pseudohypertrophy
Definition
Muscular dystrophy (most common = Duchenne's) X linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene
Term
"Cherry-red spot" on macula
Definition
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann Pick (spingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion
Term
Chest pain on exertion
Definition
Angina (stable: moderate exertion; unstable: minimal exertion)
Term
Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
Definition
Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode
Term
Child uses arms to stand up from squat
Definition
Gowers' sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)
Term
Child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body
Definition
"slapped cheeks" (erythema infectiousum/fifth disease parvovirus B19)
Term
chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
Definition
Huntington's disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)
Term
Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful, cramps, myoglobinuria
Definition
McArdle's disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
Term
Cold intolerance
Definition
Hypothyroidism
Term
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
Definition
Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [multiple sclerosis], unilateral [stroke])
Term
Continuous "machinery" heart murmur
Definition
PDA (close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol)
Term
cutaneous/dermal edema due to CT deposition
Definition
Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves' disease [periorbital])
Term
Dark purple skin/mouth nodules
Definition
Kaposi's sarcoma (usually AIDS patients [gay men]: associated with HHV-8)
Term
Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
Definition
Kussmaul breathing (DKA)
Term
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
Definition
Pellagra (niacin[Vit B3] deficiency)
Term
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
Definition
Wet beriberi (thiamine [Vit B1] deficiency)
Term
Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
Definition
Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)
Term
Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
Definition
Sjogren Syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
Term
Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, Fe deficiency anemia
Definition
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
Term
Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints
Definition
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect)
Term
Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
Definition
Virchow's node (abdominal mets)
Term
Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
Definition
Sezary Syndrome (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides
Term
Facial muslce spasm upon tapping
Definition
Chvostek's sign (hypocalcemia)
Term
Fat, female, fertile, forty
Definition
Acute cholelithiasis (bile duct blockage)
Term
Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following Abx treatment for Syphilis
Definition
Jarish-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
Term
Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
Definition
Measles (morbillivirus)
Term
Fever, night sweats, weight loss
Definition
B symptoms (lymphoma)
Term
fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
Definition
Peyronie's disease (CT disorder)
Term
Gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
Definition
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X linked recessive)
Term
Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
Definition
Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson's disease)
Term
Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
Definition
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (genetic b9 polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increase cancer risk)
Term
hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms
Definition
Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
Term
Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
Definition
Alport syndrome (mutation in alpha change of type IV collagen)
Term
Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Definition
Trousseau's sign (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
Term
Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
Definition
Kluver Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
Term
Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, positive Babinski sign
Definition
UMN damage
Term
Hypertension, HYPOkalemia, metabolic alkaosis
Definition
Conn's syndrome
Term
Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy
Definition
LMN damage
Term
Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
Definition
"blue bloater" (chronic bronchitis, hyperplasia of mucous cells)
Term
Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
Definition
Non-painful = Chancre of primary syphilis, T. pallidum
Painful, with exudate = chanchroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
Term
Infant with Failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration
Definition
Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
Term
Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly
Definition
Cori’s disease (Type III glycogen storage disease)
Term
Infant with microcephaly, rocker bottom feet, clenched hands and structural heart defect
Definition
Edwards’ syndrome (trisomy 18)
Term
Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
Definition
Squamous cell carcinoma
Term
Large rash with bull’s eye appearance
Definition
Erythema chronicum migrans from ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)
Term
Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
Definition
Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)
Term
Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
Definition
Bruton’s disease (X linked agammaglobulinemia
Term
Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
Definition
Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia (defect in plt aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
Term
Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supranumerary teeth
Definition
Gardner’s syndrome (subtype of FAP)
Term
Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance
Definition
Pompe disease (lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency
Term
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Definition
Wegener’s (c-ANCA positive) and Goodpastures syndromes (anti-BM antibodies)
Term
Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
Definition
Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior truck, [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury: “waiter’s tip”)
Term
No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
Definition
Sheehan’s syndrome (pituitary infarction)
Term
Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear opthalmoplegia
Definition
Multiple sclerosis
Term
Oscillating slow/fast breathing
Definition
Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea if CHF or inc Intracranial pressure)
Term
Painful blue fingers/toes
Definition
Raynaud’s syndrome (vasospasm in extremities)
Term
Painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles
Definition
Osler’s node (infective endocarditis)
Term
Painless jaundice
Definition
Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
Term
Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
Definition
Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis)
Term
Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child)
Definition
Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
Term
Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
Definition
MEN 1 (Autosomal dominant)
Term
Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
Definition
“pink puffer” (emphysema: centroancinar = smoking, panacinar = alpha1 Antitrypsin deficiency)
Term
Polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances
Definition
Fanconi’s syndrome (proximal tubular resorption defect)
Term
Positive anterior “drawer sign”
Definition
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury
Term
Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
Definition
Horner’s syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
Term
Pupil accommodates but doesn’t react
Definition
Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
Term
Rapid progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI/URI)
Definition
Guillian Barre syndrome (autoimmune acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
Term
Rash on palms and soles
Definition
Coxsakie A, 2° syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Term
Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE syndrome
Definition
Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job’s syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality) (also: course facial features, retained primary teeth)
Term
Red “currant jelly” sputum in alcoholic or diabetes patients
Definition
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Term
Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
Definition
Paget’s disease of the breast (represents underlying neoplasm)
Term
Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCS
Definition
Paroxysmal nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (defect in DAF, CD55/59)
Term
Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
Definition
Von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant TSG mutation)
Term
Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
Definition
Parkinson’s disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
Term
Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
Definition
Roth’s spots (bacterial endocarditis)
Term
Severe jaundice in neonate
Definition
Crigler-najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
Term
Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
Definition
McBurney’s sign (appendicitis)
Term
Short stature, inc incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
Definition
Fanconi’s anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair, often progresses to AML)
Term
Single palmar crease
Definition
Simian crease (Down syndrome)
Term
Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility
Definition
Kartagener’s syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
Term
Skin hyperpigmentation
Definition
Addison’s disease (primary adrenocortical insufficiency causes inc ACTH and alpha-MSFH production)
Term
Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
Definition
Becker’s muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne’s)
Term
Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white center
Definition
Koplik’s spots (measles, rubeola virus)
Term
Smooth, flat, moist white lesions on genitals
Definition
Condulomata lata (secondary syphilis)
Term
Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
Definition
Bacterial endocarditis
Term
“strawberry tongue”
Definition
Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome
Term
Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth
Definition
Turner’s syndrome (45XO, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema)
Term
Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
Definition
Gout/Podagra (hyperuricemia)
Term
Swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin
Definition
Scurvy (Vitamin C deficiency- can’t hydroxylate Pro/Lys for collagen synthesis)
Term
Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
Definition
Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard’s nodes], DIP [Heberden’s nodes])
Term
Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
Definition
Aortic valve stenosis
Term
Thyroids and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
Definition
MEN IIA (Autosomal dominant ret mutation)
Term
Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis
Definition
MEN IIB (Autosomal dominant ret mutation)
Term
Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scape
Definition
Babinski sing (UMN lesion)
Term
Unilateral facial dropping involving forehead
Definition
Bell’s Palsy (LMN CN VII palsy)
Term
Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
Definition
Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27
Term
Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
Definition
Hemangioma (benign, but associated with Sturge Weber syndrome)
Term
Vomiting blood following esophagogastric lacerations
Definition
Mallory Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)
Term
“Waxy” casts with very low urine flow
Definition
Chronic end-stage renal disease
Term
WBC casts in urine
Definition
Acute pyelonephritis
Term
Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
Definition
Whipple’s disease (Tropheryma whippelii)
Term
“Worst headache of my life”
Definition
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (ruptured berry aneurysm)
Term
Partial albinism, recurrent respiratory tract and skin infections, neurologic disorders
Definition
Chediak Higashi Syndrome
Term
Immune deficiency, thrombocytopenic purpura, eczema, recurrent pyogenic infections
Definition
Wiskcott Aldrich Syndrome (WAITER)
Term
Severe recurrent infections, chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive
Definition
SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency)
Term
Severe anaphylaxis when exposed to blood products
Definition
Selective Ig deficiency (IgA = most common)
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