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3.3-5.4
questions
88
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
03/03/2014

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Cards

Term
know weak acids and weak bases
Definition
Term
A solution is made up a _____and a______.
Definition
solvent and solute
Term
The_____is the medium in which the solute is dissolved.
Definition
solvent
Term
_____are conductors of electricity.
Definition
electrodes
Term
If 2 electrodes are present, what happens to ion movement?
Definition
it is no longer random when the electrodes are connected to a battery
Term
Compounds whose aqueous solutions conduct electricity are called______.
Definition
electrolytes
Term
All ionic compounds that soluble in water are______.
Definition
electrolytes
Term
______are substances whose suolutions are good conductors of electricity because of their ions.
Definition
strong electrolytes
Term
_____are compounds whose aqueous solutions who do not conduct electricity.
Definition
non electrolytes
Term
What are two examples of non electrolytes?
Definition
ethanol and sucrose
Term
Strong acids, weak acids, and weak bases are _____that react with water to form ions so they are electrolytes.
Definition
molecular compounds
Term
______are when only a small fraction of the molecule forms ions. These are poor conductors of electricity.
Definition
weak electrolytes
Term
What are the four categories of reactions in aqueous solutions?
Definition
precipitation, acid-base, gas forming, and oxidation reduction
Term
When the ions of the reaction change partners, this is called ______. Another name for these are _____or_____.
Definition
exchange reactions; double replacement or metathesis
Term
A_____produces a water insoluble solid product known as a precipitate.
Definition
precipitation reaction
Term
_____do not participate in the net reaction.
Definition
spectator ions
Term
The ______is the balanced equation without spectator ions.
Definition
net ionic equation
Term
When something is ____it stays together on the product side. When is something is ____, it separates on the product side.
Definition
not soluble; soluble
Term
look at web assign solubility rules
Definition
Term
____produce bubbles of CO2 when added to a metal carbonate and react with many metals to produce hydrogen gas.
Definition
acids
Term
A_____is a substance that (when dissolved in water) increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution.
Definition
acid
Term
A _____is a substance that (when dissolved in water) increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in solution.
Definition
base
Term
A reaction of an acid and a base produces a ____ in water.
Definition
salt
Term
_____ionize completely in water and are strong electrolytes.
Definition
strong acids
Term
What are two examples of strong acids?
Definition
HCl and HNO3
Term
_____do not ionize completely in water and are also weak electrolytes. These exist in a solution as acid molecules.
Definition
WEak acids
Term
What are some examples of weak acids?
Definition
acetic acid and hydrolfluoric acid
Term
____are water soluble compounds that contain hydroxide ions.
Definition
strong bases
Term
What are some examples of strong bases?
Definition
NOH and KH3
Term
look at solubility chart in textbook
Definition
Term
A _____is a proton donor and a ____is a proton acceptor.
Definition
acid; base
Term
During a ______reaction, there is a transfer of a proton from an acid to a base. This forms a new acid and a new base. Favors weak acid and weak base.
Definition
acid base reaction
Term
A ____favors products and a _____favors reactants.
Definition
strong acid; weak acid
Term
add web assign concepts to these notecards
Definition
Term
Something that is _____can function as an acid or a base in a reaction.
Definition
amphipotic
Term
A ____is any ionic compound whose cation comes from a base and whose anion comes from an acid.
Definition
salt
Term
A ______is a reaction between a strong acid and a strong base.
Definition
neutralization reaction
Term
______are oxides like CO2 that can react with water to produce H3O+ ions
Definition
acidic oxides
Term
____are oxides of metals such as calcium oxide (lime).
Definition
basic oxides
Term
The agent that brings about the reduction is called the _____.
Definition
reducing agent
Term
Any process where oxygen is added to another substance is called _____.
Definition
oxidation
Term
The agent that is responsible for the oxidation of the other elements is called the ______.
Definition
oxidizing agent
Term
When a substance accepts electrons, it is said to be ______because there is a reduction in the numerical value of a charge on an atom of the substance.
Definition
reduced
Term
When a substance loses electrons, it is said to be _____because the numerical value on the charge of the atom of the substance increases.
Definition
oxidized
Term
_____is the removal of oxygen and gain of elecrons.
Definition
reduction
Term
_____is the addition of oxygen and the loss of electrons.
Definition
oxidation
Term
review how to figure out oxidation number online
Definition
Term
A _____is when ions combine in solution to form an insoluble reaction product.
Definition
precipation reaction
Term
A_____is when water is a common product. Teh cation of the base and the anion of the acid form a salt.
Definition
acid-base reaction
Term
look at book notes they tell you how to find teh limiting reactant!
Definition
Term
The ____is the maximum mass of product that can be obtained from a chemical reaction.
Definition
theoretical yield
Term
the _____is the mass of material that is actually obtained in the laboratory or a chemical plant. This value is less than the _____.
Definition
actual yield; theoretical yield
Term
The _____specifies how much of the theoretical yield was obtained.
Definition
percent yield
Term
How do you calculate percent yield?
Definition
actual yield/theoretical yield x 100 %
Term
_____is when each element in the compound combines with oxygen to produce the appropriate oxide
Definition
combustion
Term
_____is defined was the amount of solute per liter of solution and it's symbol is ____.
Definition
molarity, C
Term
How do you calculate molarity?
Definition
amount of solute(moles)/volume of solution (liters)
Term
how to calculate pH?
Definition
-log[h3O+]
Term
If something is acidic will its pH be low or high?
Definition
low pH
Term
Is something has a high pH is it acidic or basic?
Definition
basic
Term
Low hydronium ion concentration is associate with ____pH. High hydronium ion concentration is associated with ___pH
Definition
high; low
Term
___have pH values less than 7. ____have pH values greater than 7.
Definition
acids; bases
Term
HOw do you find the hydronium ion concentration?
Definition
take the antilog of the pH. 10^-pH
Term
_____is a measure of the extent of light aborption.
Definition
spectrophotometry
Term
______is the ratio of the amount of light transmitted by or passing through the sample relative to the amount of light that initially fell on the sample.
Definition
trasmittance
Term
The ____is the negative logarithm of its transmittance.
Definition
absorbance
Term
The _____is an object or collection of objects being studied.
Definition
system
Term
The _____is everything outside the system that can exchange energy and/or matter with the system.
Definition
surroundings
Term
A _____process is when energy is transferred as heat from a system to its surroundings.
Definition
exothermic process
Term
A ____is when energy is transferred as heat from the surroundings to the system, increasing the energy of the system, and decreasing the energy of the surroundings.
Definition
endothermic process
Term
When an object is heated or cooled, the quantity of energy transferred depends on what three things?
Definition
quantity of material, the magnitude of the temperature change, the identity of the material gaining or losing energy
Term
The ______is the energy transferred as heat that is required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by one Kelvin.
Definition
specific heat capacity
Term
like melting point, boiling point, and density, _____is a characteristic intensive property of a pure substance.
Definition
specific heat capacity
Term
Energy transferred as heat that is required to convert a substance from a solid at its melting point to a liquid is called the ______.
Definition
heat of fusion
Term
Energy transferred as heat to convert a liquid at its boiling point to a vapor is called the ______.
Definition
heat of vaporization
Term
_____is constant through a change of state.
Definition
tempertaure
Term
_____is the science of heat and work.
Definition
thermodynamics
Term
______is when ice changes directly from a solid to a gas.
Definition
sublimation
Term
How do you recognize a redox reaction?
Definition
determine the oxidation states for all elements and compounds; look for a change in oxidation states from reactants to products
Term
What is a combination reaction?
Definition
2 reactants combine to form one product
Term
What is a combustion reaction?
Definition
reactant combines with oxygen
Term
What is a decomposition reaction?
Definition
product written first, then the reactants
Term
What is a metathesis reaction?
Definition
reactants "switch"
Term
HOw can you tell if a precipitation reaction has occured?
Definition
look for something that stays as one compound, stays this way because it is insoluble
Term
A bronsted ACid _____a proton.
Definition
donates
Term
A bronsted base_____a proton.
Definition
accepts
Term
_____must add up to the charge on the compound.
Definition
oxidation number
Term
ACidic oxides are made of ____. basic oxides are made of _____.
Definition
nonmetals; metals
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