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3.2 IB Biology
Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins
13
Biology
11th Grade
09/07/2009

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Term
Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds.
Definition
All organic compounds contain carbon.
Term
List three examples of monosaccharides.
Definition
Glucose
Galactose
Sucrose
Term
List three examples of disaccharides.
Definition
Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose
Term
List three examples of polysaccharides.
Definition
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Term
What is the function of glucose, lactose and glycogen in animals?
Definition
Glucose: fuel for cell respiration
Lactose: solutes in milk
Glycogen: stores glucose in liver and muscles
Term
What is the function of fructose, sucrose and cellulose in plants?
Definition
Fructose: sweetener in fruit
Sucrose: transported from leaves to other parts by vascular tissue
Cellulose: primary component of cell walls
Term
Hydrolysis of a disaccharide to two monosaccharides.
Definition
lactose + water -> glucose + galactose
Term
Hydrolysis of a polysaccharide to many monosaccharides
Definition
starch + (many) water -> (many) glucose
Term
Hydrolysis of a tiglyceride lipid to glycerol and fatty acids
Definition
triglyceride + 3 water -> glygerol + 3 fatty acids
Term
Hydrolysis of a protein to amino acids
Definition
protein + (many) water -> (many) amino acids
Term
Hydrolysis v Condensation
Definition
Hydrolysis: smaller reactants and water yeild larger molecules; digestion

Condensation: re-form larger molecules; water molecule(s) and smaller molecule are produced
Term
Function of Lipids
Definition
-energy storage
-thermal insulation
-phospholipids make up the double layer of all cell membranes
Term
How do carbohydrates and lipids differ in terms of energy storage?
Definition
Lipids store twice as much energy.
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