Details Title: 2. Osteology and Arthrology of Lower Extremity Description: Bones Bones Bones terms and significant features Total Flash Cards: 75 Created: 09/18/2009 16:46:57		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Anatomy Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term What are the functions of bones Definition 1. support 2. protection 3. movement 4. blood cell production 5. Mineral reservoir Term What are the 3 types of bones cells Definition 1. osteoblast 2.osteoclast 3.osteocyte Term osteoblast Definition immature bone cell Term osteocyte Definition similar to macrophases in other systems...mature bone cell that breaks down old/dying bone play an imoprtant role in bone remodeling Term diaphysis Definition shaft Term epiphysis Definition ends of bones Term epiphyseal line Definition between dia and epi longer early inl ife because it is catilageous If fractured in youth it can inhibit future growth of the plate=stunt growth. Term spongy bone (4 pts) Definition 1.soft part of bone on interior 2.highly vascular 3.contains RBC 4. where production of blood cells occurs Term Compact bone Definition exterior portion prvide the other fxns of the bone Term periosteum Definition bone membrane(external covering of bone) most pain sensitive Term yellow marrow Definition where fat is stored Term nutrient artery Definition enteres rom outsid eof bone to bring nutrients Term Harversain system Definition osteon-freature of the compat bone 2. osteocutes are around in concentric rings(lanellae) organized aroud central cannal(blood vessels) Term intramembranous ossification Definition fibrosu tissue develops into bone(faster)= usualy involded flat bones-skull, hip, etc Term endochondral ossification Definition within the cartilage bone growth from cartilage=slow process forms long bones (femur) Term process Definition rought bony prominence Term trochcanter Definition large blunt process-found ONLY on femur Term tubersoity Definition large bluner rounded process=not as large as trochanter Term tubercle Definition baby tuberosity=smaller blunt or rounded process Term spine Definition pointed bony projection Term crest Definition prominent(possibly rough) border Term fossa Definition smooth concave surface(suacer-like depression) Term forament Definition a hole(forama) Term head Definition a rounded aricular surface joined to shaft by the neck Term condyle Definition smooth convex strx joined tothe shaft of a long bone Term epicondyle Definition eminence above a condyle Term facet Definition smooth slightly concave surfece for articulation Term Hip has 3 bones Definition 1. ilium 2. pubis 3. ishium Term acceltabulum Definition bal and socket joint- all 3 bones of hip continue to this Term what feature of the hip separates the greater and lessor sciatic notch Definition the ishial spine Term what is the caraligeous part of the hip that conects the right and left pubic bones Definition the pubic symphysis Term where is the pubic tubercle located Definition directly lateral to the pubic symphysis Term what is the lae mens tern for ishial tuberosity Definition butt bone Term where on the femur is the linea aspera located Definition posterior... the ridge Term tibia Definition the fat bone of the shin, medial= contains medial malleolus Term fibula Definition lateral bone=lateral malleolus Term How many tarsals, name them Definition 7 1. talus 2. calcaneus 3.navicular 4. Cuboid 5. medial cuneiform 6. intermediate cuneiform 7. lateral cuneiform Term Which bone is considered the heal Definition calcaneus Term which farsal articulates with the tibia and fibula? Definition the talus Term which metatarsals articulate with the cuboid Definition 4th and 5th metatarsals Term Halux Definition big toe has only 2 phalanges all other metatarsals have 3 phalanges Term sprain Definition injuring to ligament Term strain Definition injury to muscle/ tendon Term Major ligaments of the hip Definition 1. pubofemoral 2. iliofemoral 3. ishiogemoral Term pubofemoral Definition prevents excessive aBduction of the hip Term iliofemoral (Y ligament) Definition connets ilium (iliac spine) to femure prevents excessive aBduction of the hip Term ischiofemoral Definition 1.best seen from behind 2. prevents excessive internal rotaion of the hip/femur Term Ligaments of the knee (4) Definition medial collateral(tibial collateral 2. Lateral collateral(fibular collateral) 3. anterior cruciate 4. posterior cruciate Term Role of the collaterals Definition -protects joints on lateral sides -only allowing motion in sagital plane. Term anterior cruciate ligament Definition cross over o: anterior part of tibia role: prevents tibia from moving anterior to femur Term anterior cruciate ligament Definition cross over o: anterior part of tibia role: prevents tibia from moving anterior to femur Term How are the cruciate ligaments names Definition based on their origins on the tibia Term posterior cruciate ligament Definition prevents tibia from moving posterior to femur o: posterior portion of tibia Term what is the point of impact for the ACL to be torn Definition above the knee from the front or below the knee from behind Term what are the 4 ligaments involved in the deltoid ligment of the foot Definition 1. anterior tibiotalar 2. posterior tibiotalar 3. tabionavicular 4. tibiocalcaneal Term what is the role of the the deltoid ligament Definition it is located on the medial side of the foot so it prevents excessive eversion of the ankel Term what are the 3 lateral ligaments of the foot Definition 1. anterior talofibular 2. posterior talofibular 3. calcaneofibular Term What is the role of the lateral ligaments of the foot Definition to prevent excessive inversion Term plantar calcaneonavicular Definition "spring ligament"- medial arch in foot. allows for spring in your step:) Term long plantar ligament Definition -goes from calcaneous to intersal bones/navicular bone -contributes to arch -supports the overall structure of the foot Term What are the 3 classifications of Joints Definition 1. synarthrosis 2. amphiarthrosis 3. diarthrosis Term synarthrosis (2 types) Definition fibrous 1. suture- immovable 2. syndesmosis- very small amout of motion/give Term syndesmosis Definition small amoutn of motion or 'give' found between the fibula and tibia Term amphiarthorsis (2 types) Definition carilaginous 1. synchondrosis 2. symphysis Term synchondrosis Definition -type of amphiarthrosis joint -hyaline cartilage between bones ex. ribs to sternum Term symphysis Definition fibrocartilage between bones ex. pelvis or disk inbetween vertebre Term Diarthrosis Definition synovial -freely moving Term what are the 6 types of diarthrosis joints? give examples Definition 1. gliding(arthodial)-1 plain- foot 2. hinge(ginglymus)1 plain-sagital-knee 3. pivot-(trochoid)-between 2 top vertebre 4. condyloid ball adn socket(enarthrodial)-always in all 3 planes-hip 6. saddle-2 planes-only in thumb! Term Pubic symphysis Definition type:sympysis motion: gives a little only during child birth Term Hip Definition ball and socket motion: 2 plain of motion Term knee Definition hinge Motion:1 plain (sagital) Term Ankle Definition hinge motion: 1plane (sgital) up and down Term foot Definition 1 plane series of 3 gliding joints formed between tarsal bones Term metatarsophalangeal (MTP) Definition type: condyloid motion: sagital plane and coronal plane Term Interphalangeal Definition Type:hinge motions: 1 plane