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2ND SEMESTER EXAM
PHYSICAL SCIENCE EXAM REVIEW
230
Chemistry
9th Grade
05/23/2012

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Term
A substance that is made up on only one kind of atam is a(an)
Definition
element
Term
What is the symbol for aluminum
Definition
Al
Term
The symbol for gold is
Definition
Au
Term
If a material contains two or more elements joined in a fixed proportion, it is a
Definition
compound
Term
Water is a compound because it
Definition
always has two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom
Term
Which of the following is a mixture?
Definition
salad at Dr. Lofton's house
Term
Which of the following is a characteristic of a mixture?
Definition
has varying properties
Term
A mixture that appears to be the same throughout is a
Definition
homogeneous mixture
Term
Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture
Definition
a jar of mixed nuts
Term
A mixture can be classified as a solution, suspension, or colloid based on the
Definition
size of its larges particles
Term
You are about to open a container of soy milk but notice that there are instructions to "shake well before serving." The soy milk is most likely a
Definition
solution
Term
Which of the following is malleable
Definition
gold
Term
Which of the following has the highest viscosity
Definition
corn syrup
Term
A substance has a melting point of 0 degree Celsius and a boiling point of 100 degree Celsious. The substance is most likely
Definition
water
Term
A material that is malleable and conducts electricity is most likely
Definition
a metal
Term
What physical properties of nylon and leather make them good materials to use for shoelaces?
Definition
durability and flexibility
Term
Which of the following materials is useful for making molds because it has a low melting point
Definition
wax
Term
Filtration can be used to separate mixtures based on
Definition
the size of their particles
Term
When a physical change in a sample occurs, which of the following does NOT change?
Definition
composition
Term
Which of the following is a physical change?
Definition
sawing a piece of wood in half
Term
Flammability is a material's ability to burn in the presence of
Definition
oxygen
Term
A substance that has high reactivity
Definition
easily combines chemically with other substances.
Term
Which of the following is NOT a clue that a chemical change has occurred?
Definition
change in shape
Term
Which of the following is a chemical change?
Definition
Water breaking down into hydrogen and oxygen
Term
Which of the following is a clue of a chemical change?
Definition
a gas forms when vinegar and baking soda are mixed
Term
Three examples of physical change are
Definition
boiling water, bursting a balloon, and crumpling a piece of paper
Term
The shape of an apple is a
Definition
physical property
Term
Fog is an example of a colloid
Definition
Term
The scattering of light by colloids is called
Definition
the Tyndall effect
Term
When two or more substances are combined so each substance can be separated by physical means, the result is a
Definition
mixture
Term
_______ is another name for a homogeneous mixture
Definition
solution
Term
When a log burn in fire,
Definition
a chemical change has occurred
Term
You put 1 gram of sale into 1 liter of water and stir. The resulting liquid is an example of
Definition
a homogeneous mixture
Term
The smallest unit of a substance that behaves like the substance is
Definition
a compound
Term
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass cannot be
Definition
created or destroyed
Term
Which of the following is NOT an example of a physical property?
Definition
reacts with other substances
Term
Sodium and chlorine combining to form table salt is an example of a _____
Definition
chemical change
Term
Digestion food is an example of a _____
Definition
chemical change
Term
Which of the following is NOT an element?
Definition
water
Term
Which of the following is NOT a phase of matter?
Definition
Compound
Term
According to composition, matter is classified as
Definition
elements, compounds, mixtures, and solutions
Term
If a material contains two or more elements joined in a fixed proportion, it is a
Definition
compound
Term
What is the symbol for silver?
Definition
Ag
Term
Water is a compound because it
Definition
always has two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom
Term
Formation of a precipitate is usually evidence of
Definition
a chemical change
Term
A piece of wood that measures 72 cm to the third power and has a mass of 80.0 grams. What is the density of the wood?
Definition
1.1 g/cm to the third power
Term
What is the density of a piece of wood that has a mass of 25.0 grams and a volume of 29.4 cm to the third power?
Definition
0.85 g/cm to the third power
Term
An ice cube measuring 195.11 cm to the third power and has a density of 0.917 g/mL. What is the mass?
Definition
212.77g
Term
The density of aluminum is 2.70 g/mL. If the mass of a piece of aluminum is 244 grams, what is the volume of the aluminum?
Definition
658.8mL
Term
The volume of a solution was measured in a graduated cylinder (shown above). If the mass of solution is measured to e 60.75 Grams, what is the density of the solution?
Definition
13.5g/mL
Term
In a _______ mixture, the parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another.
Definition
heterogeneous
Term
_______ is the amount of space an object takes up.
Definition
volume
Term
_____ is anything that takes up space and has mass and volume.
Definition
matter
Term
______ is the amount of matter in an object.
Definition
mass
Term
The hardest known material is a ______
Definition
diamond
Term
_______is another word for characteristic
Definition
property
Term
______ means to group according to similar properties.
Definition
classify
Term
_______ is a shorthand way to represent an element
Definition
chemical symbol
Term
A piece of white pine wood has a density of 0.430 g/cm to the third power. What is the mass of 150 cm to the third power of this wood?
Definition
64.5 g
Term
What is the density of a metal if 38.6 g of the metal occupy a volume of 2.0 cm to the third power?
Definition
19.3 g/cm to the third power
Term
Measuring ______ can be used to test the purity of some substances.
Definition
density
Term
______ is the smallest particle of a compound that has all the properties of the compound
Definition
molecule
Term
_______ is a shorthand way of representing a compound
Definition
chemical formula
Term
_______ is the smallester particle of an element that has all the properties of that element.
Definition
Atom
Term
According to John Dalton's observations, when elements combine in a compound,
Definition
the ratio of their masses is always the same
Term
What does the electron cloud model describe
Definition
the most likely locations of electreons in atoms
Term
Which of the following is unique for any given element?
Definition
The number of protons
Term
Who provided evidence for the existence of a nucleus in an atom?
Definition
Ernest Rutherford
Term
Democritus thought that matter was made of tiny particles
Definition
that could not be divided
Term
What can you assume has happened if an electron moves to a higher energy level?
Definition
The electron has gained energy
Term
The Greek philosopher Democritus coined what word for a tiny piece of matter that cannot be divided?
Definition
atom
Term
To find the number of neutrons in an atom, you would subtract
Definition
atomic number from mass number.
Term
The number of protons in one atom of an element is that element's
Definition
atomic number
Term
Which of the following most accurately represents John Dalton's model of the atom?
Definition
a tiny, solid sphere with a predictable mass for a given element
Term
What is the difference between an atom in the ground state and an atom in an excited state?
Definition
The atoom in an excited state has more energy and is less stable than the atom in the ground
Term
Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
Definition
electron
Term
J. J. Thomson's experiments provided evidence that an atom
Definition
contains negatively charged particles
Term
In Niels Bohr's model of the atom, electrons move
Definition
like planets orbiting the sun
Term
What do scientists use to predict the locations of electrons in atoms?
Definition
probability
Term
The nuclei of isotopes contain different numbers of ______
Definition
neutrons
Term
The nickname of Thomson's model of the atom is
Definition
plum pudding
Term
When all the electrons in an atom are in orbitals with the lowest possible energy, the atom is in its _______ state.
Definition
ground
Term
The fourth energy level of the atom can hold up to _____ electrons.
Definition
32
Term
_________ is the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom
Definition
atomic number
Term
The scientist who discovered the small, dense nucleus is _______
Definition
Rutherford
Term
______ is the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of the atom.
Definition
mass number
Term
The possible energies that electrons in an atom can have are called
Definition
energy levels
Term
The second energy level of the atom can hold up to _____ electrons
Definition
18
Term
__________ is evidence you get without actually seeing or touching the object
Definition
indirect evidence
Term
According to ______, all matter was made up to four elements - earth, air, fire, and water.
Definition
Aristotle
Term
The region in which an electron is most likely to be found is called an
Definition
orbital
Term
Protons and electrons have a charge of ______ (exact charge).
Definition
1+
Term
The central portion of the atom is called the
Definition
nucleus
Term
Another name for the wave model of the atom is the _____ model.
Definition
electron cloud model
Term
There are ______ possible p orbitals.
Definition
3
Term
Electrons have a _____ charge.
Definition
negative
Term
The atom as a whole has a _____ charge.
Definition
neutral
Term
An atom in which an electron has moved to a higher energy level is in a(an _____ state.
Definition
excited
Term
The weakest electrons in an atom are located __________
Definition
near the nucleus
Term
There is/are _____ possible s orbital(s).
Definition
1
Term
Locate oxygen on your periodic table. It has ____ protons in its nucleus
Definition
8
Term
There are _____ possible d orbitals
Definition
5
Term
The third energy level of the atom can hold up to ______ electrons.
Definition
18
Term
The four main orbitals are ________
Definition
spdf
Term
Neutrons have a _____ charge
Definition
negative
Term
Locate argon on your periodic table. Its chemical symbol is _____
Definition
Ar
Term
______ was the Greek philosopher who named the smallest piece of matter the atom.
Definition
Democrites
Term
The word atom means _______
Definition
indivisible or uncut
Term
The nucleus has a _____ charge.
Definition
positive
Term
Find Chlorine on your periodic table. Its atomic number is
Definition
17
Term
There are _____ types of f orbitals
Definition
7
Term
_______ is atoms of the same element with the same atomic number, but different mass number
Definition
isotope
Term
The first energy level of the atom can hold up to _____ electrons.
Definition
2
Term
The scientist who thought the atom was mostly empty space is _____
Definition
Democrites
Term
The subatomic particle that J.J. Thomson discovered has a(an) ______ charge.
Definition
negative
Term
Protons have a _____ charge
Definition
positive
Term
______ are electrons in the outermost energy level of the atom.
Definition
Valence electrons
Term
If element Q has 11 protons, its _____ is 11
Definition
atomic number
Term
Which of the following gases emit colors when an electric current is applied?
Definition
argon and krypton
Term
Which of the following Group 7A elements is the most reactive?
Definition
I (iodine)
Term
Among the alkali metals, the tendency to react with other substances
Definition
increases from top to bottom within the group
Term
Atoms of the most reactive elements tend to have
Definition
one or seven valence electrons
Term
Mendeleev arranged the known chemical elements in a table according to increasing
Definition
atomic mass
Term
Figure 5-1 shows a portion of a blank periodic table. Idenify the segments labeled A and B
Definition
A is a period and B is a group
Term
Which element is found in most of the compounds in your body except for water?
Definition
carbon
Term
Which element is found in nature only in compounds?
Definition
sodium
Term
One twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom is used to define a(an)
Definition
atomic mass unit
Term
To keep them from reacting, some highly reactive elements are stored in
Definition
argon
Term
Elements that are gases, are brittle, and are poor conductors at room temperature are _____
Definition
nonmetals
Term
Moving from left to right across a row of the periodic table, which of the following values increases by exactly one from element to element?
Definition
atomic number
Term
A certain atom has 26 protons, 26 electrons, and 30 neutrons. Its mass number is
Definition
56
Term
The special unit used to measure the mass for subatomic particles and for atomic mass is
Definition
amu
Term
The atomic mass of an element is
Definition
a ratio based on the mass of a carbon-12 atom
Term
Which list of elements contains only metals?
Definition
tin, copper, cesium
Term
Which general statement does NOT apply to metals?
Definition
Most metals are brittle
Term
Which halogen is most likely to react?
Definition
F (fluorine)
Term
Horizontal rows of the periodic table are called _____
Definition
periods
Term
The tendency of an element to react is closely related to
Definition
the number of valence electrons in atoms of the element
Term
Which of the following Group 1A elements is the most reactive?
Definition
Cs(cesium)
Term
A chemical symbol represents the _____ of an element
Definition
name
Term
A member of the boron family has three valence electrons, while a member of the nitrogen family has
Definition
five
Term
At room temperature, none of the metals are
Definition
gases
Term
All of the elements in Family 18 are _____
Definition
gases
Term
The number at the bottom of the key on the periodic talbe is the _______
Definition
atomic mass
Term
No two elements can have the same _______
Definition
atomic number
Term
All of the acitinoids are ______
Definition
radioactive
Term
The number of _______ dewtermines an elements chemical properties.
Definition
valence electrons
Term
Today's periodic table is arranged according increasing ______
Definition
atomic number
Term
What is the charge of the elements in group 2A after a chenmical bond is ______
Definition
2+
Term
When your textbook was written, there were _____ known elements.
Definition
113
Term
On the periodic table most of hte elements are _______
Definition
metals
Term
The pattern of repeating properties of elements revealed in the periodic table is known as the ______
Definition
periodic law
Term
The element in group 2 that is used in cancer treatment is _______
Definition
Radium
Term
The element is family 16 that will combine with almost every element on the periodic table is ___.
Definition
Oxygen
Term
The zigzag line on the periodic table separates the _____ froom the _____.
Definition
metals/nonmetals
Term
The element in Group 5A that is found in Fertilizers and the tips of matches is_____
Definition
Arsenic
Term
The rows indicate how many ___ each element in row contains.
Definition
energy levels
Term
One way to demonstrate reactivity among the alkaline earth metals, Group 2A, is to obsere what happens when they are placed in ______
Definition
water
Term
A 12-karet gold item is _____ percent pure
Definition
50
Term
The charge of each titanium ion in the ionic compund TiO 2 is ____
Definition
4
Term
You are given the melting points of three unknown substances and are asked to predict which one is an ionic compound. You would select the compound with the ___ melting point.
Definition
highest
Term
The purity of gold is expressed in units called ___
Definition
karets
Term
In an electron dot diagram, each dot represents a(an)
Definition
valence electron
Term
In ionic compounds, the sum of the charges of all the cations and anions must be
Definition
0
Term
A polar bond forms when ___ not shared equally
Definition
electrons
Term
Which of the following is a typical property of an ionic compound?
Definition
poor conductor of electric current when melted
Term
An alloy that contains mainly iron and carbon is
Definition
stainless steel
Term
The compound whose formula is SO 3 is called ____
Definition
sulfur oxide
Term
What is the formula for copper (II) nitrate? Note: nitrate has a 1- charge
Definition
Cu(NO 3) 2
Term
Among the elements potassium, lithium, and iron, the metallic bonds are likely to be strongest in
Definition
iron
Term
Which of the following statements correctly describes the substance with teh formula KI?
Definition
There is a one-to-one ratio of potassium ions to iodide ions
Term
Gold that is 100 percent pure is labeled ____ karet gold
Definition
24
Term
Two factors that determine whether a molecule is polar are the types of atoms in the molecule and the _____ of the molecule
Definition
composition
Term
In the compound MgCI 2, the subscript 2 indicates that
Definition
there are two chloride ions for each magnesium ion
Term
The name iron (II) indicates that a compound contains
Definition
iron ions with a 2+ charge
Term
In an electron dot diagram, the symbol for an element is used to represent
Definition
the nucleus and all non-valence electrons
Term
Which phase BEST describes a metallic bond?
Definition
the attraction between a metal cation and a shared pool of electrons
Term
In an ionic compound, the attractions between cations and _____ hold the compound together
Definition
anions
Term
The water mulecule H20 is polar because it contains two polar single bonds and
Definition
its molecule has a bent shape
Term
Ionization energies tend to
Definition
decrease from the bottom of a group to the top
Term
KBr is the formula for an ionic compound. The fact that neither symbol is followed by a subscript means that there is a(an) _____ ratio of ions in the compound.
Definition
1:1
Term
A _____ is a neutral group of atoms tha tare joined together by one or more covalent bond.
Definition
molecule
Term
You see a structural formula in which the symbols for elements are connected by a long dash. You can assume that the chemical bonds in the compound are
Definition
covalent
Term
Beryllium, Be, and chlorine, Cl, form a binary ionic compound with a one-to-two ratio of beryllium ions to chloride ions. The formula for the compound is
Definition
BeCl subscript 2
Term
Which of the following formulas represents a compound whose molecules contain a triple bond?
Definition
N=N
Term
In the binary ionic compound potassium bromide, KBr, the element that forms cations is _____
Definition
potassium
Term
Typically, atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve
Definition
a stable electron configuration
Term
The chemical formula for calcium chloride, CaCl subscript 2, shows that the compound contains two ___ ions for every ______ion
Definition
chlorine; carbon
Term
When cesium and fluorine react, they form an ionic compound called
Definition
cesium fluoride
Term
Each pair of shared electrons in a structural formula is represented by a
Definition
dash
Term
Which statement best describes the properties of sodium chloride
Definition
liquid sodium chloride is a good conductor of electric current
Term
The chemical formula for the ionic compound consisting of oxygen and nickel (III) is
Definition
Ni2O3
Term
In the name carbon dioxide, the prefix of the second word indicates that a molecule of carbon dioxide contains
Definition
two oxygen atoms
Term
Metallic bonding is similar to ionic bonding because
Definition
there is an attraction between positively charged and negatively charged particles
Term
In its simplest form, the allow brass consists of zinz and
Definition
copper
Term
A(An) ion is a covalently bonded group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge
Definition
polyatomic
Term
A ____ is a mixture of two or more leements, at least one is a metal
Definition
alloy
Term
A compound whose molecules contain one boron atom and three fluorine atoms would be named
Definition
boron trifluoride
Term
A compound consisting of bromine and cadmium (2+) would be named
Definition
cadmium (II) bromide
Term
The formation of an ionic bond involves the
Definition
transfer of electrons
Term
A _____ is a negatively charged ion
Definition
anion
Term
A compound whose molecules contain one carbon atom and 8 sulfur atoms would be named
Definition
carbon octasulfide
Term
How does increasing the amount of carbon in steel affect its properties?
Definition
Carbon makes the lattice harder and stronger
Term
Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and aluminum all form ions with positive charges equal to the
Definition
group number
Term
When two atoms of the same nonmetal react, they often form a(an)
Definition
diatromic molecule
Term
If there are two long dashes between two atoms in a structural formula, molecules of the compound contain a(an) ____ bond.
Definition
double
Term
To produce stainless steel, steelmakers add
Definition
chromium
Term
Which of the following groups contain three elements with stable electron configurations
Definition
helium, xenon, neon
Term
Fluorine, F, forms a binary ionic compound with lithium, Li. What is the name of this compound?
Definition
lithium fluoride
Term
In general, the more ___ a metal has, the stronger its metallic bonds will be
Definition
protons
Term
A(an) ____ is a positively charged ion
Definition
cation
Term
In a metal lattice, _____ are surrounded by a pool of shared electrons.
Definition
cations
Term
In a polar covalent cond
Definition
electrons are shared equally between atoms
Term
______ means two atoms of the same element covalently bonded together
Definition
diatomic
Term
The ions in solid sodium chloride are arranged in a structure called a(an) ____ lattice
Definition
crystal
Term
The elements most likely to form more than one type of ion are the
Definition
transition metals
Term
The substances that undergo change in a chemical reaction are called
Definition
reactants
Term
Hydrochloric acid, HCL, is added to solid NaOH. After the reaction is complete, NaCl dissolved in water remains. What are the products of
Definition
NaCl and H20
Term
Which of the following does NOT state what the arrow means in a chemical equation?
Definition
conserves
Term
Which of the following does NOT show the law of conservation of mass?
Definition
2 atoms of Mg react with 1 molecule of O2 to produce 2 units of MgO.
Term
Which of the following is a chemical equation that accurately represents what happens when sulfur and oxygen react to form sulfur trioxide
Definition
S and O2 produce SO3
Term
How many moles of He are in 16 g of the element?
Definition
4.0 mol
Term
An industrial process makes calcium oxide by decomposing calcium carbonate. Which of the following is NOT needed to calculate the mass of calcium oxide that can be produced from 4.7 kg of calcium carbonate?
Definition
the volume of the unkkonwn mass
Term
The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation always can express the ratio of
Definition
moles of reactants and products
Term
When magnesium carbonate, MgCO2, reacts with nitric acid, HNO3, magnesium nitrate and carbonic acid form. Carbonic acid then breaks down into water and carbon dioxide. Which two types of reactions take place in this process
Definition
double-replacement and decomposition
Term
Which of the following is NOT always true about a synthesis reaction?
Definition
There is only one reactant
Term
Which of the following takes place during a redox reaction?
Definition
Electrons are both gained and lost
Term
In a chemical reaction, an iron atom became the iron Fe2+. What happened to the iron atom?
Definition
It lost electrons and was oxidized.
Term
In a compound, chemical energy is contained in the
Definition
bonds
Term
Which of the following statements is true about what happens during a chemical reaction?
Definition
Bonds of the reactants are broken, and bonds of the products are form.
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