Shared Flashcard Set

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2nd Exam
Michael Costello
34
Business
Undergraduate 3
12/12/2009

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Cards

Term
What are the two requirements for the taking of private property under the U.S. Constitution?
Definition
Public purpose and pay just compensation
Term
What does the power of 'judicial review' allow the courts to do?
Definition
Review statutes to determine if unconstitutional
Term
What provision of the US Constitution gives the federal government the power to regulate air traffic from Los Angeles to New York?
Definition
The interstate Commerce Clause
Term
What are three of the protections afforded persons under the 1st Amendment to the US Constitution?
Definition
1. Freedom of speech
2. Freedom of religion
3. Freedom to hold peaceful assembly
4. Freedom to petition the government
Term
Which amendment to the US Constitution extends the protections to persons in the Bill of Rights to actions taken by state governments?
Definition
14th amendment
Term
What are two of the defenses to a claim of libel?
Definition
1. Opinion
2. Truth
3. Privilege
Term
What are two types of intentional tort [excluding libel and slander]?
Definition
False imprisonment and fraud
Term
How is an intentional tort different than a crime?
Definition
Intentional tort - one is seeking damages in a civil action
Crime - government seeks to punish unlawful behavior [the same act ma be both - assault]
Term
What are two of the requirements for tortuous interference with a business relationship?
Definition
1. Contract between plaintiff and third party
2. Defendant knew of contract
3. Defendant caused third party to breach contract
4. Resulting in injury to plaintiff
Term
How much does a plaintiff win if the plaintiff was 20% responsible for the accident in a state which follows the contributory negligence rule?
Definition
Nothing.
Term
What are the four requirements for a court to find a person liable for 'negligence'?
Definition
1. Duty
2. Breach of Duty
3. Direct/foreseeable cause
4. injury
Term
What are two of the three tests the US Supreme Court said should be used to determine whether punitive damages awarded by a jury are reasonable?
Definition
1. Reprehensibility of defendant's conduct
2. Ratio of harm suffered [damages] to amount of punitive awarded
3. Comparability of punitive damages to criminal or regulatory fines
Term
What are two of the philosophies for determining the consequences of a criminal act which conflict with one another and why?
Definition
Retribution - Rehabilitation

One seeks to punish and the other seeks to bring individual back into productive society
Term
The 4th Amendment to the US Constitution prohibits certain actions by the police, what process have the courts developed to deter this behavior?
Definition
Exclusionary rule
Term
What are two of the protections afforded a criminal defendant by the 5th amendment?
Definition
1. Double Jeopardy
2. No self incrimination
3. Due process of law
Term
What is the difference between the crime of robbery and stealing?
Definition
Robbery is asociated with the threat of harm to an individual in the taking of property

Stealing is taking of property without threat of violecnce
Term
What are the four requirements to find a contract the courts will enforce?
Definition
1. Meeting of the minds
2. consideration
3. capacity/legality
4. genuineness of assent
Term
What is one of the types of promise which is not a contract but the court will enforce for fairness and an example?
Definition
1. Quasi contract ed. farmer preparing field and landlord leases to another person

2. Promissory estoppel eg. insurance agent telling homeowners they are insured when policy has expired
Term
What are two of the sources of contract law in the United States?
Definition
1. Uniform Commercial Code [UCC]
2. common law
3. UN Convention for the International Sale of Goods [UNCISG]
Term
To what source of contract law do we look to determine whether there is a contract between a coach to teach an athlete how to play a sport?
Definition
Common law [it is a contract for services]
Term
What is consideration in contract law?
Definition
The parties exchange of value
Term
To what type of contract would the 'mirror image rule' not be applicable?
Definition
Sale of goods under Article 2 of the UCC
Term
What are two of the requirements for a non-compete agreement to be valid?
Definition
1. Protects a valid business interest
2. Be reasonable in duration, scope and geography
Term
What are three types of contract which must be in writing to be enforceable?
Definition
1. Contract dealing with an interest in land
2. Promise to pay the debt of another [guaranty]
3. Promise in consideration of marriage [prenuptial]
4. Contract for sale of goods over $500
5. Contract which is unable to be completed within 1 year
Term
What is one of the duties the UCC imposes on all contracts to which it is applicable?
Definition
Good faith and fair dealing
Term
What is one of the two requirements for a court to find a contract unenforceable for commercial impracticability?
Definition
1. An unanticipated event
2. Extraordinarily unfair for one party to perform
Term
What type of damages is not typically available for breach of contract?
Definition
punitive damages
Term
What are two examples of instances in which a duty may not be assigned?
Definition
1. Contract prohibits assignment
2. Forbidden by law or public policy
3. It would materially alter the contract
4.Personal services contract requiring the talents of the particular individual
Term
What are two of the requirements to successfully get out of a contract which is based on fraud?
Definition
1. Material false statement
2. Person relied upon it and injury
Term
What is the most important public policy with respect to contracts?
Definition
To enforce valid contracts
Term
Does a person have a duty to correct unintentionally incorrect information given to another person to a contract?
Definition
Yes
Term
Give an example of how 'due process' protects you?
Definition
- requirement of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt
- Evidence obtained by police unlawfully will be suppressed by court
- Right to notice and a fair hearing before action is taken against you
Term
A felony typically describes a crime requiring what punishment?
Definition
A crime requiring punishment of more than 1 year in jail
Term
Are most crimes punishable under state or federal law?
Definition
State law [some crimes may be punishable under both]
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