Shared Flashcard Set

Details

2Biogeography Chapter 4
Distribution of Species
18
Biology
Undergraduate 2
08/31/2010

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
what are three ways of measuring the Range
Definition

Outline Maps

 

Dot Map

 

Contour Maps

Term
Outline Maps
Definition

display range as an irregular area

 

problem: center --> edge distortion

Term
Dot Maps
Definition

plot points on map where species have actually been found

 

problems: only shows where we found them, doesn't represent entire population/distribution area

 

sometimes joined with an outline map

Term
Contour Maps
Definition

indicate variation in density and abundance w/in a range

 

computer calculated

 

 

Term
define Malthusian Theory
Definition

all organisms have the inherent potential to increase their numbers exponentially

 

because resources limit growth, and many environments are unstable, no organisms actually increase indefinitely (except for humans)

 

 

Term
Grinell's Niche (1917)
Definition
habitat concept; emphasis on where the species live
Term
Elton's Niche (1927)
Definition

functional concept; emphasis on the trophic position

 

job AND location

Term
Multidimensional Hutchinson Niche
Definition

multi-dimensional space of resources that a species nees to servive and reproduce

 

remember temporal variation in relation to this

Term
fundamental niche
Definition
species neiche in the absence of any interspecific competition and predation
Term
realized niche
Definition
species niche in the presence of competing and/or predator species
Term
source-sink populations
Definition

source pop in suitable habitate (birth faster than death), full carrying capacity, species migrate to a useful habitat which may be a sink pop (death faster than birth)

 

moving to edge of niche/fitness, can't really reproduce in sink unless hybridize, more from sorce to sink

Term
principle of competitive exlusion (Gause's principle)
Definition

species can't coexist in a community if their niches are the same/identical

 

only applies if ecological factors are constant (but they aren't, this is idealistic)

 

many exceptions observed in natural systems

Term
temperature as a physical limiting factor ex
Definition

saguaro's tolerance to low temp

 

bark beetles over wintering temperature limits

 

* climate change --> warm enough to help vs cold enough to harm

 

eastern phoebe winter range (food limited)

Term
Liebigs' law of the minimum
Definition

originally developed for agriculture: yeild is proportional to the amount of the most limiting nutrient

 

oversimplification

 

interaction among multiple factors

Term
precipitation as a limiting physical factor ex
Definition
orographic precipitation and vegetation gradients (windward vs leeward side)
Term

soil moisture as a physical limiting factor

xerophytes and mesophytes

Definition

xerophytes - full sun, dry soil, south slopes (more dir. sunlight)

 

mesophytes - wetter, more shated environments

Term
solar radiation: broad scale and fine scale
Definition

broad: how the sun hits the earth depending on tilt/rotation

 

fine: sun flecks falling through foilage toward understory

Term
wind as a physical limiting factor ex
Definition

timberline and wind

* timberline is determined by temperature at broad scales

* wind is a critical local limiting factor of timberline

Supporting users have an ad free experience!