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Title: 21 - respiratory

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Total Flash Cards: 36

Created: 04/14/2009 18:09:43

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Term
mucosa
Definition
layer of trachea that has cilia; rests on thick lamina propria that has rich supply of elastic fibers
Term
submucosa
Definition
layer of trachea that produces mucus "sheets" within trachea; seromucous glands;
Term
adventitia
Definition
layer of trachea that is outermost; hyaline cartilage; flexible enough to stretch and move during inspiration and recoil during expiration; cartilage rings keep prevent it from collapsing
Term
trachealis muscle
Definition
this muscle connects the open posterior parts of cartilage rings in trachea with esophagus; helps us cough
Term
carina
Definition
cartilage where trachea branches into two main bronchi; most sensitive area of the trachea and larynx for triggering a cough reflex
Term
respiratory bronchioles
Definition
where the respiratory zone begins; the terminal bronchioles feed into these
Term
respiratory membrane
Definition
alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes form this; air-blood barrier that has gas on one side and blood flowing past on the other
Term
type II cells
Definition
cells on alveoli; secrete a fluid containing surfactant that coats the gas-exposed alveolar surfaces; surfactant's role is to reduce surface tension of alveolar fluid;
Term
type I cells
Definition
layer of squamous epithelial cells on alveoli; very thin; makes up most of walls of alveoli;
Term
bronchial arteries
Definition
provide systemic blood to lung tissue; small volume, high pressure input;
Term
main, lobar, and segmental
Definition
3 types of bronchi
Term
terminal bronchiole
Definition
smallest of bronchioles
Term
respiratory tree
Definition
the conducting network within lungs is called ______ because branches keep getting smaller
Term
alveolar sacs
Definition
clusters of alveoli
Term
alveolar ducts
Definition
respiratory bronchioles lead into these things
Term
alveolar pores
Definition
connect adjacent alveoli and allow air pressure throughout the lung to be equalized and provide alternate air routes to any alveoli whose bronchi have collapsed due to disease
Term
pulmonary plexus
Definition
nerve fibers enter each lung through the _________; parasympathetic and sympathetic motor fibers, and visceral sensory fibers
Term
pleural fluid and pleural cavity
Definition
the pleura layer produce this and fills this part of the lungs
Term
pulmonary ventilation
Definition
fancy term for breathing
Term
intrapulmonary pressure
Definition
pressure in the alveoli
Term
intrapleural pressure
Definition
pressure in pleural cavity; always 4 mm Hg less than intrapulmonary pressure but also fluctuates with breathing phases; Elastic recoil of lung, Surface tension of alveolar fluid, and Elasticity of thoracic wall responsible for maintaining this
Term
transpulmonary pressuer
Definition
difference between intralpulmonary and intrapleural pressures - keeps air spaces of lungs open AKA keeps lungs from collapsing
Term
Pneumothorax
Definition
presence of air in intrapleural space
Term
Hemothorax
Definition
blood in intrapleural cavity
Term
partial pressure
Definition
pressure exerted by a gas -proportional to % of gas in the mixtuer
Term
Henry's Law
Definition
when a mixture of gases is in contact with a liquid, each gas will dissolve in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure
Term
external respiration
Definition
pulmonary gas exchange (as opposed to cells exchanging in body)
Term
ventilation-perfusion coupling
Definition
how there must be a close match between the amount of gas reaching alveoli and blood flowing in pulmonary capillaries
Term
Bohr Effect
Definition
the term for how high level of CO2 and lower pH causes hemoglobin to release O2.
Term
carbaminohemoglobin
Definition
hemoglobin + carbon dioxide
Term
carbonic anhydrase
Definition
enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid
Term
chloride shift
Definition
chloride ions move from the plasma into RBC's to counterbalance the rapid outrush of carbonic acid from RBCs into plasma. this process is reversed in the lungs
Term
Haldane effect
Definition
this effect is how reduced hemoglobin has greater ability to form carbaminohemoglobin and to buffer H by combining with it
Term
carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
Definition
read more about this; resists shifts in blood pH
Term
ventral respiratory group (VRG)
Definition
network of neurons that extends in brain stem from spinal cord to pons-medulla junction; contains neurons fire during inspiration and others that fire during expiration
Term
pontine respiratory group
Definition
this transmits impulses to the VRG of the medulla; modifies and finetunes breathing rhythms generated by VRG during certain activities such as vocalization, sleep, and exercise



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