Details Title: 21 - respiratory Description: n/a Total Flash Cards: 36 Created: 04/14/2009 18:09:43		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Anatomy Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term mucosa Definition layer of trachea that has cilia; rests on thick lamina propria that has rich supply of elastic fibers Term submucosa Definition layer of trachea that produces mucus "sheets" within trachea; seromucous glands; Term adventitia Definition layer of trachea that is outermost; hyaline cartilage; flexible enough to stretch and move during inspiration and recoil during expiration; cartilage rings keep prevent it from collapsing Term trachealis muscle Definition this muscle connects the open posterior parts of cartilage rings in trachea with esophagus; helps us cough Term carina Definition cartilage where trachea branches into two main bronchi; most sensitive area of the trachea and larynx for triggering a cough reflex Term respiratory bronchioles Definition where the respiratory zone begins; the terminal bronchioles feed into these Term respiratory membrane Definition alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes form this; air-blood barrier that has gas on one side and blood flowing past on the other Term type II cells Definition cells on alveoli; secrete a fluid containing surfactant that coats the gas-exposed alveolar surfaces; surfactant's role is to reduce surface tension of alveolar fluid; Term type I cells Definition layer of squamous epithelial cells on alveoli; very thin; makes up most of walls of alveoli; Term bronchial arteries Definition provide systemic blood to lung tissue; small volume, high pressure input; Term main, lobar, and segmental Definition 3 types of bronchi Term terminal bronchiole Definition smallest of bronchioles Term respiratory tree Definition the conducting network within lungs is called ______ because branches keep getting smaller Term alveolar sacs Definition clusters of alveoli Term alveolar ducts Definition respiratory bronchioles lead into these things Term alveolar pores Definition connect adjacent alveoli and allow air pressure throughout the lung to be equalized and provide alternate air routes to any alveoli whose bronchi have collapsed due to disease Term pulmonary plexus Definition nerve fibers enter each lung through the _________; parasympathetic and sympathetic motor fibers, and visceral sensory fibers Term pleural fluid and pleural cavity Definition the pleura layer produce this and fills this part of the lungs Term pulmonary ventilation Definition fancy term for breathing Term intrapulmonary pressure Definition pressure in the alveoli Term intrapleural pressure Definition pressure in pleural cavity; always 4 mm Hg less than intrapulmonary pressure but also fluctuates with breathing phases; Elastic recoil of lung, Surface tension of alveolar fluid, and Elasticity of thoracic wall responsible for maintaining this Term transpulmonary pressuer Definition difference between intralpulmonary and intrapleural pressures - keeps air spaces of lungs open AKA keeps lungs from collapsing Term Pneumothorax Definition presence of air in intrapleural space Term Hemothorax Definition blood in intrapleural cavity Term partial pressure Definition pressure exerted by a gas -proportional to % of gas in the mixtuer Term Henry's Law Definition when a mixture of gases is in contact with a liquid, each gas will dissolve in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure Term external respiration Definition pulmonary gas exchange (as opposed to cells exchanging in body) Term ventilation-perfusion coupling Definition how there must be a close match between the amount of gas reaching alveoli and blood flowing in pulmonary capillaries Term Bohr Effect Definition the term for how high level of CO2 and lower pH causes hemoglobin to release O2. Term carbaminohemoglobin Definition hemoglobin + carbon dioxide Term carbonic anhydrase Definition enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid Term chloride shift Definition chloride ions move from the plasma into RBC's to counterbalance the rapid outrush of carbonic acid from RBCs into plasma. this process is reversed in the lungs Term Haldane effect Definition this effect is how reduced hemoglobin has greater ability to form carbaminohemoglobin and to buffer H by combining with it Term carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system Definition read more about this; resists shifts in blood pH Term ventral respiratory group (VRG) Definition network of neurons that extends in brain stem from spinal cord to pons-medulla junction; contains neurons fire during inspiration and others that fire during expiration Term pontine respiratory group Definition this transmits impulses to the VRG of the medulla; modifies and finetunes breathing rhythms generated by VRG during certain activities such as vocalization, sleep, and exercise