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20 Amino Acids
amino acid portion of exam 2
29
Science
Undergraduate 2
03/09/2014

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
How many AA are there?
Definition
over 200 but only 25 are found in proteins
Term
What gives an AA it unique characteristics?
Definition

The R group

 

(most have the COOH and NH2 groups attached to the same C)

Term
Configuration (L vs D)
Definition

L(evorotary)

(Natural occuring-CORN rule)

 

D(extorotary)

(Some in bacterial walls, produced during hydrolysis)

Term
AA linkage and backbone
Definition

Have and N-C-C backbone and will link to keep this pattern and releases an H2O

...

H-N-C-C-OH + H-C-C-OH

=

H-N-C-C-N-C-C-OH + H2O

Term
Essential Nutrient
Definition

Essential Nutrient-required for normal body functioning, but either cannot be synthesized at all or cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities

obtained in diet

Term
Conditionally essential
Definition
conditionally essentail-only required in certain physiological situations (lactation, etc.)
Term
Histidine
Definition

(His)

Essential in all species

6 enzymes required for synthesis

Term
Isoleucine
Definition

(Ile)

Essential for all species

8 enzymes required for synthesis

Term
Leucine
Definition

(Leu)

Essential for all species

10 enzymes required for synthesis

Term
Lysine
Definition

(Lys)

Essential for all species

8 enzymes required

Term
Methionine
Definition

(Met)

Essential for all species

5 enzymes required for synthesis

 

Cyst(e)ine (Cys) can by synthesized from it

Term
Phenylalanine
Definition

(Phe)

Essential for all species

11 enzymes required for synthesis

 

Tyrosine (Tyr) can be synthesized from it

Term
Threonine
Definition

(Thr)

Essential for all species

6 enzymes required for synthesis

 

Last AA discovered 1930's by

U of I biochemist William C. Rose

Term
Tryptophan
Definition

(Trp)

Essential for all species

13 enzymes required for synthesis

Term
Valine
Definition

(Val)

Essential for all species

8 enzymes required for synthesis

Term
Arginine
Definition

(Arg)

Essential for Cats, Birds, and Fish

7 enzymes required

...

(ALSO Conditionally essential)

Semi-essential in rapidly growing mammals

Term
Cyst(e)ine
Definition

(Cys)

synthesized from essential AA Methionine (Met)

Conditionally/Non essential

2 enzymes required for synthesis

Term
Tyrosine
Definition

(Tyr)

Synthesized from essential AA Phenylalanine (Phe)

Conditionally essential

Term
Glutamine
Definition

(Gln)

Conditionally essential

Semi-Essential

in disease (immune system energy supply)

requires 1 enzyme for synthesis

Term
Proline
Definition

(Pro)

Semi-essential in hens

3 enzymes required for synthesis

Term
Alanine
Definition

(Ala)

Non-essentail

1 enzyme required for synthesis

Term
Asparagine
Definition

(Asn)

Non-essentail

1 enzyme required for synthesis

 

first AA discovered in 1806

from asparagus

Term
Aspartate
Definition

(Asp) Aspartic acid

Non-essential

1 enzyme required for synthesis

Term
Glutamate
Definition

(Glu) Glutamic acid

Non-essential

1 enzyme required

Term
Glycine
Definition

(Gly)

Non-essential

1 enzyme required for synthesis

Simplest of the AA

Term
Serine
Definition

(Ser)

Non-essential

3 enzymes required for synthesis

Term
Generals for essential vs non-essential AA
Definition

non-essentials tend to have fewer enzymes required for synthesis 1-3 for a total of 14

5-13 for a total of 82 for Essential

...

Bacteria and plants can synthesize all AA

Term

A 21st AA

Taurine

Definition

(N/A)

Essential in Cats

(in all cat/dog food now, free in the body not cooperated into a protein)

semi-essential in pigs

Term
PVT TIM HALL
Definition

Phenylalanine

Valine

Threonine

...

Tryptophan

Isoleucine

Methionine

...

Histidine

Arginine

Leucine

Lysine

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