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2.11.13
fluid and electrolytes
39
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
03/13/2013

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Term
water content of

babies
adult
older adult
Definition
70-80%
50-60% ** more so in men fat cells have little water
45-55%
Term
why are babies bad at conserving water
Definition
The kidneys are immature until 2 years and unable to conserve water and electrolytes
Term
average adult intake
Definition
Total 2,400-2,700ml
Term
average adult output
Definition
Total 2,300-2,600 ml
Term
dehydration vs fluid volume deficit
Definition
Dehydration refers to loss of pure water alone and fluid volume deficit is loss of both water and electrolytes.
Term
intervention IV and s/s of hypovolumia
Definition
Isotonic solution 0.9% Sodium chloride is used when rapid volume replacement is indicated
tachycardia/pnea
Term
2 results of hypovolimic shock
Definition
Decreased oxygenation -Decreased venous return and decreased Cardiac Output
Term
3 causes of hypovolmic shock
Definition
Excessive loss of blood (Postpartum hemorrhage) - Excessive loss of body fluids -Third spacing of fluids which can occur with burns.
Term
The postpartum patient can loose up to_____ ml of blood before vs changes are noted
Definition
The postpartum patient can loose up to 1000ml of blood before
changes are noted in their vital signs.
Term
signs of late hypovolimic shock

hr
rr
bp
skin
UO
nero
Definition
HR -Elevated > 110 bpm *
BP - Low; < 90 mm/Hg *
RR - High > 30-40
*UO - Low < 30 cc/hr
*Skin - pale, clammy, mottling
*Neuro - Confusion
Term
signs of early hypovolimic shock
hr
rr
bp
neuro
skin
ou
Definition
*HR - normal to slightly high
*BP - normal to slightly increased
*RR - normal to slightly increased
*UO - normal
*Skin - pale, cool
*Neuro - apprehensive
Term
what position should someone w hypovolmic shock be in
Definition
Modified Trendelenburg’s position
Term
5 causes of hypervolomia

water and na go up together
Definition
Fluid given too rapidly -Congestive Heart failure leading to poor renal perfusion -Renal failure -Liver disease -Sodium overload
Term
6 cm of hypervolomia
Definition
Pitting edema
Weight gain
Puffy eyelids
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Increased BP
Term
4 nursing interventions for hypervolomia
Definition
Place patient in semi-fowler’s position

Assess for pulmonary edema


Give diuretics

Educate patient about decreasing intake of sodium
Term
only two electrolytes stored in body
Definition
CA and K
Term
hyponatriuma / causes
Definition
below 135
Fluid loss from Vomiting/diarrhea, diaphoresis, and diuretic therapy
Term
s/s of hyponatriuma
Definition
Anorexia, N/V

Altered LOC - lethargy, disorientation, H/A, confusion

Convulsions with serum sodium below 115 mEq/L
Term
hypokaliuma / causes
Definition
below 3.5
GI disorders e.g. diarrhea and vomiting *Diaphoresis and renal disorders
Term
s/s of hypoklimia
Definition
Anorexia; N&V
Fatigue
Muscle weakness, leg cramps
Cardiac arrhythmias
Decreased bowel motility
Term
hypermangeisum causes
Definition
Renal failure *Overuse of magnesium containing antacids *Overuse of enemas or laxatives with magnesium
Magnesium sulfate given to pregnant patients with preeclampsia.
above 2.5
Term
hypermagneisum s/s
Definition
Hot,flushed skin
Hypoactive reflexes
Hypotension, bradycardia
Depressed respirations
Lethargy and drowsiness
Decreased urine output
Absent Deep tendon reflexes when Magnesium levels toxic
Cardiac arrythmias
Term
hypermagneisum interventions 10
Definition
Give Calcium gluconate
*Prepare client for hemodialysis
*Give diuretics and 1/2 NS to cause excretion of magnesium
Monitor VS,
CV status,
deep tendon reflexes,
urine output and
level of consciousness
Term
4 rehydration diet ideas in kids
Definition
BRAT diet (Bananas, rice, applesauce, toast)
Bland diet
Sugar products may increase diarrhea
Milk products may also produce GI issues
Term
BRAT diet
Definition
used for rehydration

bannans
rice
applesauce
toast
Term
filgrastim (neupogen) indication
Definition
colony stimulating adjent
stimulates neutrophills in BMD
Term
filgrastim (neupogen)
AE/nursing
Definition
weaknesss, fatigue. , bone pain

cbc, platlets AE
Term
dexamethasone (decadron) indication

IV only
Definition
long acting corticosteroid
reduces cerebral edema in menigitus , brain injury CVA
Term
haloperidol ( haldol)/ abilify action
Definition
alters the effect dopamine in the cns/ decrease the ss of psychosis
Term
haloperidol ( haldol)/ abilify
AE
Definition
tardative dyskinesia allergic reaction , seziures, drowsiness, blurred vision
Term
isocarboxazid (Marplan) indications/ contras
Definition
depression, no preggo tyramines , ECG/BP, suicide risk
Term
enoxaparin (lovenox) indication
Definition
safer heparin , inhibits clotting factors no need to monitor APTT/ SQ only
Term
reteplase (retavase) indications
Definition
2nd gen thrombilytic , specific to newly formed clot IV/ICU ONLY
Term
ceftriaxone (rocephin) indication
Definition
cross BBB, broad spectrium gram pos ABX
Term
ceftriaxone (rocephin) contras

nursing
Definition
cross sensitive to cillins

liver and renal labs
Term
amoxicillin ( augmentin) indication
Definition
defeat beta lactase producing organisms
tx URI and ear infections
Term
amoxicillin ( augmentin) contra
Definition
allergy/ cross sensitive to ceph sporins
Term
demeclocyline indications
Definition
penicillnase resistant org/ crosses bbb/
peneicillinase producing staph and cns infections
Term
demeclocyline ae/ nursing
Definition
allergies / cross sensitive w ceph sporins

rash- weezing tachy
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