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13.2 Social Perception and cognition
key terms
20
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
12/15/2010

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Term
actor-observer effect
Definition
tendency to attribute internal causes more often for other people's behavior and external attributions more often for one's own behavior
Term
ambivalent sexism
Definition
overt belief in equal treatment of the sexes joined with a lingering, often unstated, belief that women should be treated differently
Term
attribution
Definition
thought processes we use to assign causes to our own behavior and to the behavior of others
Term
aversive racism
Definition
consciously expressing the idea that all people are equal but nevertheless unintentionally discriminating against some groups
Term
consensus information
Definition
comparisons of one person's behavior with that of others
Term
consistency information
Definition
observations of how a person's behavior varies from one time to another
Term
discrimination
Definition
in social behavior, unequal treatment of different groups of people
Term
distinctiveness
Definition
observations of how a person's behavior varies from one object or social partner to another
Term
external attribution
Definition
explanation for someone's behavior based on the current situation, including events that presumably would influence almost anyone
Term
fundamental attribution error
Definition
tendency to make internal attributions for people's behavior, even when an observer sees evidence for an external influence
Term
implicit association test
Definition
procedure that measures how fast someone responds to a category that combines a topic with pleasant words or with unpleasant words
Term
internal attribution
Definition
explanation based on someone's individual characteristics, such as attitudes, personality traits, or abilities
Term
multiculturalism
Definition
attitude of accepting, recognizing, and enjoying differences among groups
Term
prejudice
Definition
unfavorable stereotype; a negative attitude toward a group of people
Term
primacy effect
Definition
tendency to be more influenced by the first information learned about someone than by later information about the same person
Term
self-fulfilling prophecy
Definition
expectation that alters one's behavior in such a way as to increase the probability of the predicted event
Term
self-handicapping strategies
Definition
techniques for intentionally putting oneself at a disadvantage to provide an excuse for an expected failure
Term
self-serving biases
Definition
attributions that people adopt to maximize their credit for their successes and to minimize their blame for their failures
Term
social perception and cognition
Definition
process of gathering and remembering information about others and making inferences based on that information
Term
stereotypes
Definition
overgeneralization of either positive or negative attitudes toward a group of people
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