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12 Photosynthesis
powerpoint lecture
20
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/09/2011

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Term
Photoautotroph
Definition
plants are photoautotrophs, means they use energy of sunlight to make organic molecules from water and carbon dioxide
Term
What is the equation that summarizes photosynthesis
Definition

6CO2 +12H2O+Light energyC6H12O6 +6O2 +6H2O

Term
Chloroplasts split water into:
Definition

Hydrogen and oxygen, incorporating the electrons of hydrogen into sugar molecules

Term
Chloroplasts are a member of the family of organelles called ____.
Definition
plastids
Term
chlorophyll
Definition
light-absorbing pigment that plays a central part in photosynthesis
Term
Chloroplasts have 3 membrane systems:
Definition

inner membrane

outer membrane

thylakoids (internal) - that are stacked into grana

 

The stroma is the space between thylakoids and the inner membrane

Term
Chloroplasts can be compared to which organelle in animal cells?
Definition
Mitochondria
Term
The light reactions. What's their deal and where do they occur?
Definition

occur in the grana (stacks of thylakoids)

 

split water, release O2, produce ATP and NADPH

Term
The Calvin Cycle
Definition

occurs in stroma

 

forms sugar from CO2, using ATP as energy and NADPH for reducing power

Term
Definition
[image]
Term
The light that drives photosynthesis.... is it visible to us or not?
Definition
yes! it includes wavelengths of light that we can see
Term
Pigments 
Definition
substances that absorb visible light
Term
what is a light harvesting complex?
Definition

a photosystem, which is found in the thylakoid membrane is composed of a reaction center surrounded by a number of light-harvesting complexes

 

they are pigment molecules bound to proteins

Term
What happens when a reaction-center chlorophyll molecule absorbs energy?
Definition
One of its electrons gets bumped up to a primary electron acceptor, aka it donates a high-energy electron to the electron-transport chain
Term
What is a photosystem?
Definition

a large multiprotein complex containing chlorophyll that captures light energy

 

the thylakoid membrane has two types... I and II

Term
The electron transport chain in mitochondria vs. in chloroplasts.
Definition
in mitochondria its sole function is to generate ATP. In chloroplasts it also produces the active carrier NADPH. NADPH is needed for reducing power when building molecules from NADPH
Term
chemiosmosis 
Definition

occurs in chloroplasts and mitochondria, but uses different energy sources to do so

 

 

chemiosmosis is a mechanism in which a gradient of hydrogen ions across a membrane is used to drive an energy-requiring process, such as ATP production or the transport of a molecule across a membrane

Term
What energy source do mitochondria and Chloroplasts use for chemiosmosis?
Definition

mitochondria use electrons from organic molecules

 

chloroplasts use light energy to excite electrons

Term
The Calvin Cycle uses ___ and ____ to convert ___ into sugar.
Definition
ATP and NADPH, CO2
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