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10: Pigs non infectious problems
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15
Veterinary Medicine
Graduate
11/21/2015

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Mange
Definition

sarcoptes scabei var. suis

 

Mitesmultiplyonthepig

Eggslaidinburrows
Larvae,nymphs,adults
Lifecycle14–15days 

 

Verypruritic,rubbing
Skinexudationandcrusting
Chroniccases–mitesliveinears

Spread by direct contact
Survives in environment for 3 weeks ‘Minimal Disease’ pigs : mange
free

- grade 1-3

- scratching and rubbing

- early lesions: small red papules, erythema

- scabs, skin thickening

- dirty brown appearance

- headshaking , aural haematomas

- growth rates reduced

- examine for mites- ear wax

Newlyaffectedareas:skinscrapes

Responsetotreatment

Differentials:lice,greasypigdisease,pityriasisrosea, parakeratosis, swine pox, biting insects 

. 

Term
Mange treatment/control
Definition

 

  • Maintain freedom from mange

  • Avermectins (inj/feed)

  • Regular treatment of adult pigs

  • Boars every 2 – 3 months

  • Gilts 1 – 2 weeks before first service

  • Sows/gilts – on entry to farrowing house 

    Eradication: 

     

    All breeding stock: 2 x avermectin injections (14d apart) 

    Growers: avermectin in feed
    Move to clean, sprayed buildings (amitraz)
    Prevent contact between treated and infected pigs

    New stock: mange free or treat in isolation 

Term

Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome

PDNS

Definition

 

  • Cause uncertain

  • More cases in PMWS herds

  • Immunecomplex disorder

  • Characterised by skin and kidney lesions

    • Affects growing pigs

    • High case fatality rate (approx. 80%)

    • Death due to renal failure

    • Differential diagnosis: CSF and ASF!!! 

     

Term
PDNS: pathology
Definition

 

Immunecomplex vasculitis
AbAg complexes (chronic Ag stimulation) on vascular

endothelium vasculis

Glomerulonephris protein loss

Large, pale kidney speckled with small haemorrhages (turkey egg) 

 

Haemorrhagic dermatitis
Mild sc oedema, heamorrhragic lesions can expand into sc

- skin necrosis

  • lymphnodes,serosalsurfaces:haemorrhages

  • Vasculitisinotherorgans

  • Mayseeintestinalinfarcts 

 

Term
PDNS clinical signs
Definition

 

Sporadiccasesorasmallwave

Skin:multifocalhaemorrhages 

 

Kidney:Turkeyegg Protein loss

Uraemia +/CNS

• • • •

Possibly febrile
Lethargic, ataxic, recumbent Condition progressive

Death in 2 – 4 days but some recover 

Term
PDNS diagnosis/treatment
Definition

 

  • Clinicalsigns,pathology

  • Differentials:CSF/ASF

  • NotifyDVMifindoubt

  • Responsetotreatmentpoorinaffectedpigs

Canuse prophylactic antibiotics in younger pigs to reduce bacterial antigen challenge

- PCV2 vaccination 

Term
perakeratosis
Definition

- chronic skin disorder

- Zinc. deficiency- primary or secondary

- rare nowadays: feed compounders

- reduces biosynthesis of efa-> keratohyalin synthesis affected

- thickening , reddening of skin- legs, abdomen, neck, head, ears

Skin: very thick scabs, blackened, cracked

non-pruritic

- affects growth rate

Term
Perakeratosis: diagnosis
Definition

 

  • Clinical signs, histopathology

  • Serum zinc levels

  • Feed assay for zinc

  • Differentials – pityriasis, mange, greasy pig

  • Supplement diet – skin healing in 2 – 3 weeks 

Term
Thrombocytopaenic purpura
Definition

 

Immunemediated condition, uncommon Young pigs only
Colostral antibodies to platelets
Isoimmunisation

Boar different thrombocyte type to sow Used in previous pregnancy
Sow become sensitised

Piglets ingest colostrum with antibodies to their platelets

  • Thrombocytes drop sharply

  • Piglets pale, weak

  • Many skin petechiae

    • Variable numbers within litter die

    • Largest piglets often worst affected

      Transfer piglets to another sow as soon as condition recognised

      Do not use the same boar or semen in subsequent pregnancies 

     

 

Term
Degenerative joint disease
Definition

 

Osteochondrosiscommon
Lameness,legweakness:Highwastageofgilts Elbowsand/orstiflesaffected
Causeuncertain:

  • −  Genetic susceptibility?

  • −  High growth rates

    - medial condyles: distal humeri/femurs

    Articular cartilage damage:

    1. Degeneration and disorganisation chondrocytes

    2. Fissures

    3. Ossification ceases

    4. Subchondral fibrosis

    5. Collapse articular cartilage surface

    cartilage flaps, slough, ulcerated lesions

    - synovial membranes inflamed

    - control difficult, ensure balanced ration, cull affected animals  

Term
DDX for lameness
Definition

 

  • Based on history and gross findings

  • Bacteria – culture, histo (syn mem), serology

  • Mycoplasma – culture, PCR, histo

  • Trauma – gross path all structures

  • Nutritional – Ca/Phos/VitD

  • Degenerative – bone/cartilage path

  • Spinal problem 

Term
Vices:
Definition

 

Savaging
Vulva biting

Ear biting
Tail biting
Bullying

If animals are uncomfortable they get irritated


Abdominaldiscomfort/infection:waggingtails

Hunger
Overstocking

Uncomfortablesleepingareas:maintainance/bedding


If animals are uncomfortable they get irritated Climate:toohot/humid/fluctuation

Generalpoorhealth

If animals are uncomfortable they get irritated General poor health

Animal factors: natural or learned behaviour Boredom: Intelligence, stimulation, taillength

 

Term
Vices: savagine
Definition

 

  • Sporadicgiltproblem

  • Aharshoralienenvironment/individualcrate.

  • Nutritionaldeficiencies.

  • Itmayalsoberelatedtotemperament.

It seems to be more prevalent in somebreeds than others 

Term
Vices: tail biting
Definition

 

Balance between:  

1. Feeding: ration, amounts, trough space

2. Environment: comfort and space

3. Climate:Toohot/humidand

fluctuation

4. Health: Intestinal and general

5. Animal Factors

6. Boredom: toys, tail length 

Term
Vices: tail biting
Definition

 

Balance between:  

1. Feeding: ration, amounts, trough space

2. Environment: comfort and space

3. Climate:Toohot/humidand

fluctuation

4. Health: Intestinal and general

5. Animal Factors

6. Boredom: toys, tail length 

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