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10 Language & Thought
DD303 Cognitive Psychology Chapter 10, 2011
17
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
05/12/2011

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Term
Verbal protocol analysis
Definition
Formal process for verbalizing thoughts about a task.
Term
Linguistic determinism hypothesis
Definition
Also known as the Whorfian hypothesis [Whorf’s (1956)] proposes that the language we speak determines our thinking.
Term
Constructivist position
Definition
Cognition is seen to lay the basis for other capabilities, of which language is just one.
Term
Nativism
Definition
Some nativists assert that language is independent of thought; this position is most frequently associated these days with the work of Chomsky (2006).
Term
Empiricisim
Definition
Experience determines who we are and what we become.
Term
Radical pragmatists
Definition
Radical pragmatists, such as Sperber (1985), do away with the issue of whether or not word meanings are innate by denying that they exist in any fixed sense at all. Instead, radical pragmatics looks at language in context.
Term
Introspection
Definition
Wilhelm Wundt pioneered the technique of introspection, a method for analysing conscious experience into its component sensations.
Term
Theory of mind
Definition
The ability to understand another person's behaviour in terms of propositional attitude ascriptions.
Term
Syntax
Definition
Syntax is a series of mechanisms for arranging words into meaningful sentences. One crucial and very interesting aspect of syntax is that sentences are built around verbs.
Term
Language of thought
Definition
The doctrine of language of thought has two main emphases, the first centring on the content of concepts and the second on the structure of propositions.
Term
Transformational grammar
Definition
Chomsky's transformational grammar was one attempt to specify a set of transformational rules, or operations, that mediate between the deep structure and surface structure of a sentence or utterance.
Term
Long-term working memory
Definition
The ability of experts to recall information at a glance from within their domain of expertise.
Term
Modularity
Definition
Fodor (1983) has argued that some aspects of cognition are modular, each module being ‘informationally encapsulated'. By this he means specialized for a particular type of representational input, and delivering a module-specific output. Language, then, is one such module.
Term
Propositional attitude
Definition
A propositional attitude is a mental stance, our sense of knowing that, believing, expecting, hoping, worrying and so on.
Term
False-belief task
Definition
An observer predicts or explains the behavior of an actor based on a judgment of what that actor believes to be the case, not what really is the case as the observer knows it

If an individual or animal appreciates that another has a false belief, then it may be stated that the former has a ‘theory of mind'.
Term
Universal grammar
Definition
Term
Linguistic relativism
Definition
Linguistic relativism, asserts that language influences thought, and this claim is considerably less controversial than the determinism thesis
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